tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51309316150009830132024-03-27T02:36:48.227-04:00Not awful and boring ideas for teaching statisticsUpdated approximately once a week. For more ideas that aren't awful, follow me on Twitter (@notawful) and Bluesky (@notawfuljess.bsky.social)Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.comBlogger537125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-83372363769127836082024-03-09T17:48:00.001-05:002024-03-09T17:48:21.680-05:00Correlation =/= causation, featuring positive psychology, hygge, and no math.<p>I have shared <a href="https://notawfulandboring.blogspot.com/search?q=correlation">AMPLE examples for teaching correlations</a>. Because I've got you, boo. Like, I have shared days' worth of lecture material with you, my people.</p><p>I am adding one more example. I have used this example in my positive psychology course for years, and it really illustrates what can happen en masse when marketing departments and less-savory pop-psych elements try to establish causal relationships with features (stereotypes?) of happy countries and individuals' subjective well-being. I like this one because it is math-free, UG-accessible, and not terribly long.</p><p>Joe Pinsker, writing for the Atlantic, argues that...</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEinBg7cMJfzE2gTqfo6aGijC9JnQPNVRWt-c3eowCzRXdXIKhdCrPDvNkVlZ0PxKz_nnPJ2O75SGYqiLVp6wI58_TDWRANoq99vFo_KDLKhS1mt8CVddOmYd9PKyDaiCBERsR6s-Ut5hQShsV3PLd9_V4DyoUD8D40hppNP5B0dYb9f-WSysgw875dOpsRc" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="944" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEinBg7cMJfzE2gTqfo6aGijC9JnQPNVRWt-c3eowCzRXdXIKhdCrPDvNkVlZ0PxKz_nnPJ2O75SGYqiLVp6wI58_TDWRANoq99vFo_KDLKhS1mt8CVddOmYd9PKyDaiCBERsR6s-Ut5hQShsV3PLd9_V4DyoUD8D40hppNP5B0dYb9f-WSysgw875dOpsRc" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2021/06/worlds-happiest-countries-denmark-finland-norway/619299/</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><p></p><p>TL;DR: Just because Northern European nations consistently score the highest on global happiness data doesn't mean that haphazardly adopting practices from those countries will make you happy. Correlation doesn't equal causation. H<a href="https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2023/">ere is the happiness data in question.</a></p><p>It is behind a paywall, but I will share some of the highlights. Email me if you want the PDF.</p><p>Here are some of the highlights, tho:</p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHkuzflyD-5V3_BK3RP-1t1aFxhHqHBMHRkd48VnjvDbyVmDzl3maNdGhLJeGEzo3txCpoTzn-ApyfOklDAAsrsws7PtIDdZmGT1c332msexQlqmJvsE2HfEPxHhtNSdi0X67sP9jGaIw46L00XkZP39ThCFS04AR47ADklH-OqvyFCrn6XC8r56gt-JSa" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="743" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHkuzflyD-5V3_BK3RP-1t1aFxhHqHBMHRkd48VnjvDbyVmDzl3maNdGhLJeGEzo3txCpoTzn-ApyfOklDAAsrsws7PtIDdZmGT1c332msexQlqmJvsE2HfEPxHhtNSdi0X67sP9jGaIw46L00XkZP39ThCFS04AR47ADklH-OqvyFCrn6XC8r56gt-JSa=w403-h301" width="403" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>So, this sets up the problem. People want to be happier. People are looking for advice on how to be happier. Then, the author hits us with this great opening sentence:<p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIlKi8EDM11OnPvn8YoF0-43iJ7Q0vqpPcfjam0xIGAxmTPTv20HSsbte4NAUzHZSX_g1IiAC43dlpTFt6cfXiKyNfQQAitZ35oDi1vsegFDQJg82witWlEQmZOXWgNCm3fmVAhCk0UZQrteg3653_RE_N9N1l1wOoaHPw1HMsHoWEmS2oOTKGpR_kVN1P" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="718" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIlKi8EDM11OnPvn8YoF0-43iJ7Q0vqpPcfjam0xIGAxmTPTv20HSsbte4NAUzHZSX_g1IiAC43dlpTFt6cfXiKyNfQQAitZ35oDi1vsegFDQJg82witWlEQmZOXWgNCm3fmVAhCk0UZQrteg3653_RE_N9N1l1wOoaHPw1HMsHoWEmS2oOTKGpR_kVN1P=w425-h218" width="425" /></a></div><p>So, marketers try to make people think they will be happy if they adopt random aspects of Northern European life:</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjiMYutAyBgKj9cPqnkP37P55pN9sbPJXpqtybtWPpJX3ckzfDfmKtJt5Aj8nu16805Uo6CQci2bQatGRCtYlbuhMxMyTRIqgDHKs-7SrXXlfQKr3RZOZVJEW2Khw6ncRuVzwHWSlkYKy__apb88K4miUErDFTSzCT6Sf42Z63F-SFxkhno56xK85pFISQ8" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="359" data-original-width="742" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjiMYutAyBgKj9cPqnkP37P55pN9sbPJXpqtybtWPpJX3ckzfDfmKtJt5Aj8nu16805Uo6CQci2bQatGRCtYlbuhMxMyTRIqgDHKs-7SrXXlfQKr3RZOZVJEW2Khw6ncRuVzwHWSlkYKy__apb88K4miUErDFTSzCT6Sf42Z63F-SFxkhno56xK85pFISQ8=w414-h200" width="414" /></a></div><br />Yoooo...correlation doesn't equal causation. Adopting supposedly Nordic decorations and qualities doesn't mean you will be as happy as a Northern European. But that is what <p></p><p>FINALLY...the article quotes top-notch psychologist Elizabeth Dunn.</p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPOsmIaXhQdJcqAfcPr-Uv1cwEZ71q9sh7Nd-kI8GgB7j5WNnjUj0U9RBxTEHNmUqkU3-uKW_wQq7su_134nBqlpb2ozKZEDIQuGQtJIbZOngTHqbMjp_teMbvs8wYqreMHqtLoVdCBaNiLU-awE4hOwnGNO5_S6RpafBE3zwEdlb7TLOfcv7GWU-Zzv2j" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="738" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPOsmIaXhQdJcqAfcPr-Uv1cwEZ71q9sh7Nd-kI8GgB7j5WNnjUj0U9RBxTEHNmUqkU3-uKW_wQq7su_134nBqlpb2ozKZEDIQuGQtJIbZOngTHqbMjp_teMbvs8wYqreMHqtLoVdCBaNiLU-awE4hOwnGNO5_S6RpafBE3zwEdlb7TLOfcv7GWU-Zzv2j=w445-h185" width="445" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-51208056307000632782024-03-08T07:41:00.002-05:002024-03-09T19:36:41.218-05:00The limitations of regression...a mega remix<p> I enjoy fun ways to refer to the fact that regressions can't be predicted forever. Like, trends have to stop, right?</p><p><br /></p><p>Here is a v. recent one:</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjAqPBjmST4jh8ZGXwfjxjRzGGLcqw1ZIuZkDrvwkFJMC10N9CnC9H8zp4FvB09h0eUKKx1LPj6WTPI0D76bNS1YKkzU8y2wZI8IzRVBQVHwyjMHIHg56R5k7Iz-YNQTrAqUBTqYurbEX1AiTgX2WsyqiJlMGAW7bQYw1CHDhaqToujyvUNt4F0CTnrCvS3" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1046" data-original-width="852" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjAqPBjmST4jh8ZGXwfjxjRzGGLcqw1ZIuZkDrvwkFJMC10N9CnC9H8zp4FvB09h0eUKKx1LPj6WTPI0D76bNS1YKkzU8y2wZI8IzRVBQVHwyjMHIHg56R5k7Iz-YNQTrAqUBTqYurbEX1AiTgX2WsyqiJlMGAW7bQYw1CHDhaqToujyvUNt4F0CTnrCvS3" width="195" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXwmRFWh3BfzC5NY2nmqLYlwyxPSu_p-QO5SjAN7Ty90DLhZ0j5JmEgjK9s1PRukZiZ6Yc-RVzL_P1ZXTi72Tw0dL_p3Tv37D_0MOCK2EAQiCD6D96PzMoUCQH9k92TkLO4ujFkj1NmA1E9nfylmvHg7SUImyi4YaJUvGdH4kmAVRODvYTB3Io-ac3-BKy" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="505" data-original-width="327" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXwmRFWh3BfzC5NY2nmqLYlwyxPSu_p-QO5SjAN7Ty90DLhZ0j5JmEgjK9s1PRukZiZ6Yc-RVzL_P1ZXTi72Tw0dL_p3Tv37D_0MOCK2EAQiCD6D96PzMoUCQH9k92TkLO4ujFkj1NmA1E9nfylmvHg7SUImyi4YaJUvGdH4kmAVRODvYTB3Io-ac3-BKy=w204-h315" width="204" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaMGvliCT7y_fNwuOwPPbo9p2QaQpOkYHW5aDCLc7Ui1v_3OsHGwEuJ6scR6S1twciLfvwkIi8SuaKmv1MPylcNATt-O25_1Jx05gWv7Y8UK50-nuFt_dmqgIipIE7cxHcxze9ZMyMxRsaUY7Xx4-OyOQn3RPzIyN9HG2WYPgHwwMgdCz_x6tQrld8bmEI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="470" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaMGvliCT7y_fNwuOwPPbo9p2QaQpOkYHW5aDCLc7Ui1v_3OsHGwEuJ6scR6S1twciLfvwkIi8SuaKmv1MPylcNATt-O25_1Jx05gWv7Y8UK50-nuFt_dmqgIipIE7cxHcxze9ZMyMxRsaUY7Xx4-OyOQn3RPzIyN9HG2WYPgHwwMgdCz_x6tQrld8bmEI=w256-h289" width="256" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOxFbw7MPJ4odpAYadUOCLu7rt9hX8G80d22XqAovYj4qS4j-our4zUvZVzlkGq5rcxmoeBlCmahJ1CN7Iz7X5u-IE4hHO0xLVYAyOsaz5LYSJQJ8F1iSdIM7kf4SmgUHGZr3pXND32-lFZafWb8T29ZUy3dVREhOelUn322ZtqgO_M6zjtSn_g87fF5Dz" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="693" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOxFbw7MPJ4odpAYadUOCLu7rt9hX8G80d22XqAovYj4qS4j-our4zUvZVzlkGq5rcxmoeBlCmahJ1CN7Iz7X5u-IE4hHO0xLVYAyOsaz5LYSJQJ8F1iSdIM7kf4SmgUHGZr3pXND32-lFZafWb8T29ZUy3dVREhOelUn322ZtqgO_M6zjtSn_g87fF5Dz" width="225" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br />Thank you, @ronburke!</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdEFjdpFxfm2WxtrpcFxZS5LvW9jF5tCXF9OnWRdQUmSU_sObfbMNgV_nIB0hVzKJHudkQvGEBGKFykDQ3UZFz_ZIgEWyKA0Ln2e9XbRCw0Ot50ykOISFz0exFIIOa7Fu6FYYyYogcutgCoR20czTre6en8xOH1wKK8cyBPK7d7U-l50vTanUBvsKtUZ4f" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="930" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdEFjdpFxfm2WxtrpcFxZS5LvW9jF5tCXF9OnWRdQUmSU_sObfbMNgV_nIB0hVzKJHudkQvGEBGKFykDQ3UZFz_ZIgEWyKA0Ln2e9XbRCw0Ot50ykOISFz0exFIIOa7Fu6FYYyYogcutgCoR20czTre6en8xOH1wKK8cyBPK7d7U-l50vTanUBvsKtUZ4f=w407-h173" width="407" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Thank you, <a class="css-175oi2r r-1wbh5a2 r-dnmrzs r-1ny4l3l r-1loqt21" href="https://twitter.com/RomanFolw" role="link" style="align-items: stretch; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: column; flex-shrink: 1; font-size: 15px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline-style: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: left; text-decoration-line: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-1rynq56 r-dnmrzs r-1udh08x r-3s2u2q r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-18u37iz r-1wvb978" dir="ltr" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #71767b; display: inline !important; flex-direction: row; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: "ss01"; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; text-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">@RomanFolw</span></div></a></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="css-1rynq56 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-37j5jr r-a023e6 r-rjixqe r-16dba41 r-1q142lx r-s1qlax" dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: #71767b; display: inline; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 4px; text-overflow: unset; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="css-1qaijid r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0 r-poiln3" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; display: inline; font: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-overflow: unset; white-space: inherit;">·</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqP2bRwmC2V1YBCB5HeFsqyWOi2Zyv1DGiTLmbW5L1E1ezYTxLZ4j5gzMEzjdV8uvf4Ju7cWGMHIc-dRdY6DDPqK-1j_ftZAjWJktRUfQ49DFRpSPMnQYJKmvWQKWNSm3dHEK_2CavbHcKDI7RBRgqKoZXTNfkwa2sAUq7Uh2HyDBywhu93OqZ58LBrxfF" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="443" data-original-width="600" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqP2bRwmC2V1YBCB5HeFsqyWOi2Zyv1DGiTLmbW5L1E1ezYTxLZ4j5gzMEzjdV8uvf4Ju7cWGMHIc-dRdY6DDPqK-1j_ftZAjWJktRUfQ49DFRpSPMnQYJKmvWQKWNSm3dHEK_2CavbHcKDI7RBRgqKoZXTNfkwa2sAUq7Uh2HyDBywhu93OqZ58LBrxfF" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.nature.com/articles/431525a/figures/1</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><br /></div><br /><br /></div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-59163365138194590132024-03-04T09:51:00.006-05:002024-03-05T18:22:31.800-05:00Factorial ANOVA, Tai Chi, and the importance of base rates<p><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/visual-abstracts">I love JAMA Visual Abstracts</a>. <a href="https://notawfulandboring.blogspot.com/2022/01/jama-visual-abstracts-great-way-to.html">I have blogged about them before. They are great ways to illustrate 1) basic, intro stats topics, 2) excellent sci-comm, and 3) psych-adjacent medical examples. </a></p><p>I learned about a <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2814872">recent JAMA publication</a> on<a href=" https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/02/14/1231232197/tai-chi-aerobics-exercise-blood-pressure-hypertension-mindfulness"> NPR (which you could play for your students)</a>. It compared blood pressure in people who were in a Tai Chi exercise condition versus an aerobic exercise condition:</p><p><br /></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgMZAQqNCou0HyG-ZPH_TNlQeGkZDbpmpj_rbu8t0EA8UeQrOJ23nUrtwqUJqsveHgnOFbB2B0M8dQNLi5Or7XIi_2xP2_SR5fc0U20TeUzDv79hHRxNCqgiGkGZjyk6WCAiJ1WeH3EW0SlsZB4AmNIQzCrSE5kVxOIfk3NpcMSmUzaTYCX5hH30zr4Bc5s" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="810" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgMZAQqNCou0HyG-ZPH_TNlQeGkZDbpmpj_rbu8t0EA8UeQrOJ23nUrtwqUJqsveHgnOFbB2B0M8dQNLi5Or7XIi_2xP2_SR5fc0U20TeUzDv79hHRxNCqgiGkGZjyk6WCAiJ1WeH3EW0SlsZB4AmNIQzCrSE5kVxOIfk3NpcMSmUzaTYCX5hH30zr4Bc5s=w486-h275" width="486" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2814872</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Here are some ways you could use it in class:<br /><br />1. <b>Simple factorial ANOVA research design.</b> Two groups with a repeated measure design makes me think "factorial ANOVA." <p></p><p>I have not, but it would be easy to make a 2 x 2 bar graph with this data (the actual data is embargoed until December). </p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh25_yTdobKNkIkOhrz0inHdM_ydoTpfWV0d2ioTRyYuO09RZbnnvcZ-Oy1Beu-jR9_CQXNt8dnE3FjHseGFUbXmHxdxTWwyfp_AZvlff7W0FyakhRRzHkTsja4JR25m6NEDR-7ddubWLQNoVMBmHV3lgWxY9FhtnE3YAV5hcAjDf4-TQpkmIQy1ateg_CE" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="810" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh25_yTdobKNkIkOhrz0inHdM_ydoTpfWV0d2ioTRyYuO09RZbnnvcZ-Oy1Beu-jR9_CQXNt8dnE3FjHseGFUbXmHxdxTWwyfp_AZvlff7W0FyakhRRzHkTsja4JR25m6NEDR-7ddubWLQNoVMBmHV3lgWxY9FhtnE3YAV5hcAjDf4-TQpkmIQy1ateg_CE=w640-h196" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>2. <b>Active control group</b>: The control group wasn't sitting on a couch. The control group was doing aerobic activities. </p><p>3. <b>Lots of outcomes and potential for significance (and Type II error)</b>: The main thrust of this paper is all about blood pressure. But they collected a crap low of other data as well. Many didn't pan out (which they own and share in their supplemental material). </p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjiH6ro43V4wK6wSL_l9LA_A2F4xw9ONxY-K1G_mrZx-bqtTsdRWfK1MIUdz3CYEKDu8YwT_lJ63hm0kGL-_hpmWmdiM9MnaR6fgqlMt1VfTT0IpmvPa7ysYDf1LOFQxFsUbQX-_9kF6KRKYCy07R651ERhAGtLgRY8ojFhJJ5UvIsrU4F6YQOZ7Sr7bSqX" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="694" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjiH6ro43V4wK6wSL_l9LA_A2F4xw9ONxY-K1G_mrZx-bqtTsdRWfK1MIUdz3CYEKDu8YwT_lJ63hm0kGL-_hpmWmdiM9MnaR6fgqlMt1VfTT0IpmvPa7ysYDf1LOFQxFsUbQX-_9kF6KRKYCy07R651ERhAGtLgRY8ojFhJJ5UvIsrU4F6YQOZ7Sr7bSqX=w476-h283" width="476" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><p>4. <b>Making the best data viz choice</b>: There are no data image police but maybe there should be. Why not show this as jitter plots (to capture variability)</p><p>5. <b>Cross-cultural health psychology</b>: Not all of your examples have to be pure psychology examples. This one, in particular, demonstrates a) health psychology and b) the importance of cross-cultural research in studying interventions rooted in culture (like Tai Chi in China). <br /><br />6. <b>The importance of base-rates</b>: Base-rate, pre-study data is important when telling the difference between two groups, and they collected that data here:</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9zr-rK1VR0-K4GcOdQpk0gLVMNKP7f3-Nk0pxIXI1-TXUg0q70kfu4bc96kSmUg5jSnKOxn1JTSOXHmuD_sAgUBuJGtt0xCnKHOiJOhkgblyZXGh_mlt70MnPBsppVA68TtjFRruo6TOd63Q_utI1lhCvxtWRDVSnEmk7FOBbcxjrm9O1ad_Xgc5Lp4Z8" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="1011" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9zr-rK1VR0-K4GcOdQpk0gLVMNKP7f3-Nk0pxIXI1-TXUg0q70kfu4bc96kSmUg5jSnKOxn1JTSOXHmuD_sAgUBuJGtt0xCnKHOiJOhkgblyZXGh_mlt70MnPBsppVA68TtjFRruo6TOd63Q_utI1lhCvxtWRDVSnEmk7FOBbcxjrm9O1ad_Xgc5Lp4Z8=w470-h222" width="470" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>ALSO: If you like this example, imagine a whole textbook filled with these sorts of examples. A textbook written by ME, published by WW Norton, and available for Spring 25 adoptions. If you want more information, <a href="https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt">sign up for my mailing list</a>.<br /><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-43421916147257657932024-02-21T09:24:00.005-05:002024-02-21T09:25:04.029-05:00Explaining the median using a German game show.<p>This is a very brief example to spice up the measures of central tendency lecture.</p><p>There is a game show in Germany, and one of the rounds of the game show is performing a perfect median split on food. OF COURSE, IT IS A BAVARIAN HOT PRETZEL.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6IDzvKGJzCg" width="320" youtube-src-id="6IDzvKGJzCg"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The "splitting championship" game is part of a larger video game. Here is the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IDzvKGJzCg">YouTube</a> version and here is the <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/1auolju/there_is_a_tv_show_where_contestants_try_to_split/">Reddit </a>version, with more deets on the game show.</p><p>To be clear, we aren't talking about eye-balling here. The median split is an exact split by weight. Just as a statistical median split is an exact splitting of a data set.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw9IYlCekBlx0xwO5GSnfi10T1hLNB8l_TsSmBue15q-HKPICuXlkZPZwVdo9kUNE_NdkKCXBsUPMRuIRJD651KJZoAuP6xDni4cxd-xOHxT-XQTHgsrbZeSgHS8ijqu3atw7SDs41fr3CBKp9S0Z7eW3PiQwTt8T3YwiL74LxxlaThoBnpgAy3AgL9HOY/s353/median%20split%20exactly.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="353" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw9IYlCekBlx0xwO5GSnfi10T1hLNB8l_TsSmBue15q-HKPICuXlkZPZwVdo9kUNE_NdkKCXBsUPMRuIRJD651KJZoAuP6xDni4cxd-xOHxT-XQTHgsrbZeSgHS8ijqu3atw7SDs41fr3CBKp9S0Z7eW3PiQwTt8T3YwiL74LxxlaThoBnpgAy3AgL9HOY/s320/median%20split%20exactly.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Here is a more exact screen grab: <br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSyFFdNRubY0lQ38JS2egUbb2chSCQpNfu-uSVA0ZY3iyaGmo-mFCHO9OpGrddDXnrK_uWR27lfsZL3nQrrUukTMKvsgPLRUR1KEXTynHtnWkb54c5PBmL_oN6Z0fAFfHKAbErXhHKw1Lv_DFqoEEzhAC3VPms68iL7UR5XQctcDXL_eTKikmiwbEGHcsP/s1139/median%20split%20pretzel%20screen%20shot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1139" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSyFFdNRubY0lQ38JS2egUbb2chSCQpNfu-uSVA0ZY3iyaGmo-mFCHO9OpGrddDXnrK_uWR27lfsZL3nQrrUukTMKvsgPLRUR1KEXTynHtnWkb54c5PBmL_oN6Z0fAFfHKAbErXhHKw1Lv_DFqoEEzhAC3VPms68iL7UR5XQctcDXL_eTKikmiwbEGHcsP/s320/median%20split%20pretzel%20screen%20shot.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>ALSO: Because I love a good internet rabbit hole, the Reddit source I found actually goes into detail about the German game show. Have fun. <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNalWvDS-_SpMW8hE_cJIn854p_wJWiw9RrOtrAVdYBX3mUNzctkwYZS1nCebZP2x8OWuhC-oCRICniWi1id155swoql3B3hrsWOtGrBazxNdd4Ddz6rSoEVCNi5mpzv4pemOryUWj15CrIn4pArXqwToeiw2Fh4v0ixumXbwWwKX7zeV4dUXKK6KgVsQV/s1624/median%20split%20pretzel%20reddit.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="978" data-original-width="1624" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNalWvDS-_SpMW8hE_cJIn854p_wJWiw9RrOtrAVdYBX3mUNzctkwYZS1nCebZP2x8OWuhC-oCRICniWi1id155swoql3B3hrsWOtGrBazxNdd4Ddz6rSoEVCNi5mpzv4pemOryUWj15CrIn4pArXqwToeiw2Fh4v0ixumXbwWwKX7zeV4dUXKK6KgVsQV/w640-h386/median%20split%20pretzel%20reddit.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-38323129578744359572024-02-08T18:35:00.005-05:002024-02-08T18:35:56.589-05:00Teaching Pre-Conference at SPSP 2024Hey, all-<div><br /></div><div><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1PqBhRCzTU9HXZPMUZHi5MSF5vWvhTLxb/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=103379104980266607732&rtpof=true&sd=true">Here is today's (2.8.24) presentation</a> about working more statistics into your social psychology course. I'm mostly posting this for the folks who went to the conference because I told them I would, but feel free to use this advice to add some novel stats examples to your social psychology classes.</div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-72747924924974555392024-02-08T08:03:00.001-05:002024-02-08T08:03:08.121-05:00Social Comparison Theory: T-test, ANOVA, and a very common way to trichotomize data. Hey! <div><br /><div>I'm giving a keynote at the February annual teaching pre-conference at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology conference. It's all about social psychology stats example. Like this one! This one demonstrates social comparison theory without ever saying social comparison theory.</div><div><a href="https://today.yougov.com/society/articles/48400-americans-compare-own-outlook-with-country-poll">YouGov published data</a> (<a href="https://d3nkl3psvxxpe9.cloudfront.net/documents/Personal__Local__and_National_Issues_poll_results.pdf">here is the full data source</a>) that asked participants to rate their own, close-other, and far-others on several factors related to modern life (see below). In doing so, they unknowingly trigger social comparison theory, and in particular, downward social comparison. TL;DR: We know ourselves and how well we are doing compared to other people. And people are motivated to feel good about themselves. <br /></div><div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8IDyXCektMmTphW3SntsIGLdIxlu0kdLXmXqfst6FPZKNItmx-hAt0ktB-ECXrzoQdRntFYn0WRi8n3s8AhtyB33Oi3g_y3iS81WA1wGWJsPsYEjVHaC048ZhKfW_V-ebtD5QpWfkO7TjDEzNDE_3C9x1lgUCU5CBeyr75bDW3i56dpjoGt-RUo4G36M9/s1789/yougov%20how%20you%20doing.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1616" data-original-width="1789" height="423" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8IDyXCektMmTphW3SntsIGLdIxlu0kdLXmXqfst6FPZKNItmx-hAt0ktB-ECXrzoQdRntFYn0WRi8n3s8AhtyB33Oi3g_y3iS81WA1wGWJsPsYEjVHaC048ZhKfW_V-ebtD5QpWfkO7TjDEzNDE_3C9x1lgUCU5CBeyr75bDW3i56dpjoGt-RUo4G36M9/w469-h423/yougov%20how%20you%20doing.png" width="469" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://today.yougov.com/society/articles/48400-americans-compare-own-outlook-with-country-poll</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div><div>These findings smack of downward social comparison, right? Instead of having a specific target we are comparing ourself to, like a co-worker or a neighbor, if we are asked to compare ourselves to close others and far others, we tend to see </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>I also think this can be a theoretical example of an ANOVA with a factor of judgment type and factors of self, close-other, and far-other. NOTE: I strongly believe in giving multiple, theory, software-free examples to my students. You never know which one will stick!</div></div><div><br /></div><div>ANOTHER thing I see with this viz that we never talked about in graduate school (but I see all the time IRL) is the collapsing of levels Likert-type scales. Here is the original scale: </div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCAL67v0OFqchSLaDZX4Slty7RoboH20NhIOT0fG615nf8-Ai_bYICHhr7FPQSSMH06Z7VvCayY1230UNdzxXLuH2O9e-zY8VoF-IjsEvjPTjjWY1cACGooA_UQCP_j2kg9pPcJ0vQ_EOWumRasVCZth6QICCvhFoO4a7izFxerHnC6j3_dkiXCWYxexYJ/s982/yougov%20how%20you%20doing%20orig%20data.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="171" data-original-width="982" height="93" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCAL67v0OFqchSLaDZX4Slty7RoboH20NhIOT0fG615nf8-Ai_bYICHhr7FPQSSMH06Z7VvCayY1230UNdzxXLuH2O9e-zY8VoF-IjsEvjPTjjWY1cACGooA_UQCP_j2kg9pPcJ0vQ_EOWumRasVCZth6QICCvhFoO4a7izFxerHnC6j3_dkiXCWYxexYJ/w531-h93/yougov%20how%20you%20doing%20orig%20data.png" width="531" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">In the data viz, YouGov collapsed across Excellent and Good. I bet they also cut up this data, collapsing against poor and terrible. It is just funny because, in graduate school, we would read articles about five-item scales versus seven-item scales and, like, sweat that choice, right? However, in multiple professional settings, we just collapse, creating a three-item scale. I get it: We are using this for fast data presentation purposes to quickly share descriptive data, not necessarily for analysis. But still. Dichotomizing (trichotomizing?) data gives me a knee-jerk bad feeling. </div></div><div><br /></div><div>If you want...you can also use this as a paired <i>t-</i>test example <a href="https://today.yougov.com/politics/articles/43489-americans-rate-local-and-national-problems-poll">using different visualizations of the same data</a>:</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibEgHNQrKf008nxNqDiyV3JRrunQJjvgOwesrcj2TIQJTp5Bh5H4NhACkYHXyEcL7Wmtg6-nJopqtiT2zs5Dc59fed3SWUk8Z1jTSadWTm-WHsfE_2LLQI6WAhNGIjL73epplIJF7cCl1Uhp9nmiPW4xNG5qX5bD28Pz2yQ4192fY_3EZrszvuXhIsVMpX/s781/Yougove%20how%20you%20doing.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="612" height="511" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibEgHNQrKf008nxNqDiyV3JRrunQJjvgOwesrcj2TIQJTp5Bh5H4NhACkYHXyEcL7Wmtg6-nJopqtiT2zs5Dc59fed3SWUk8Z1jTSadWTm-WHsfE_2LLQI6WAhNGIjL73epplIJF7cCl1Uhp9nmiPW4xNG5qX5bD28Pz2yQ4192fY_3EZrszvuXhIsVMpX/w401-h511/Yougove%20how%20you%20doing.png" width="401" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div>If you like this example, and would love to teach statistics using a whole textbook full of such examples, please sign up for the <a href="https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt">mailing list for my upcoming textbook, Statistics for Everyone</a>!!</div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-64769558398679654712024-01-26T19:53:00.001-05:002024-01-26T19:53:27.413-05:00In which I compare t-curves with Brazilian butt lifts.<p>OK. This wasn't my original idea, but I love it so much that I'm blogging about it. The original idea came from Dr. Andrea Sell, who, in turn, got this idea from one of her brilliant student, Johanna Perez. </p><p style="text-align: center;">How <i>t</i>-distributions are like Brazilian Butt Lifts: A treatise. </p><p>First, familiarize yourself with the Brazilian Butt Lift:</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjBQ9BIqeKmZY_8KR8jymrH7AKE1fYBoXOOtSlaXyAo77tRlQAGkWuFtWuLgxW3CUihLOko72zOY84O71kUsa1O9IjrwYmiG4OlFsDfWUa09oBBeX0SywLONpceV2c_4b-6bxqYtq5yQ25QZfuwf9uzaejgl3MdDTc74mDGGN-qpSCPPATBeY1jG3w9Wue" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The shape and proportion of the buttocks are important factors in an attractive, well-proportioned body. With Brazilian butt lift surgery, a skilled cosmetic surgeon can use specialized fat transfer techniques to achieve a fuller, rounder buttock contour." data-original-height="254" data-original-width="930" height="121" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjBQ9BIqeKmZY_8KR8jymrH7AKE1fYBoXOOtSlaXyAo77tRlQAGkWuFtWuLgxW3CUihLOko72zOY84O71kUsa1O9IjrwYmiG4OlFsDfWUa09oBBeX0SywLONpceV2c_4b-6bxqYtq5yQ25QZfuwf9uzaejgl3MdDTc74mDGGN-qpSCPPATBeY1jG3w9Wue=w446-h121" title="https://www.americanboardcosmeticsurgery.org/procedure-learning-center/body-procedures/brazilian-butt-lift/" width="446" /></a></div><p>The fat doesn't leave. As illustrated below, the fat just moves...into the tail. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgSFD4Vv-LbSpQb1CmkeF-x0cuoDNn3Yk_zEX8xwoBGg3OVXL75WfE7fpkoti3HBgp08UcPR3F5-VHa_SXfCb-rIClYQNXf2HC5gSH_7jYUt4tnTuEP94Xf_GgNBlT7Cuder1HGZQskhVV6FESzfLeckFEymJnbN2YL-VTfAWtS-RhOTCBboCMpx_B-r1LF" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgSFD4Vv-LbSpQb1CmkeF-x0cuoDNn3Yk_zEX8xwoBGg3OVXL75WfE7fpkoti3HBgp08UcPR3F5-VHa_SXfCb-rIClYQNXf2HC5gSH_7jYUt4tnTuEP94Xf_GgNBlT7Cuder1HGZQskhVV6FESzfLeckFEymJnbN2YL-VTfAWtS-RhOTCBboCMpx_B-r1LF=w320-h240" title="https://ariamedtour.com/blogs/why-is-bbl-popular/" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://ariamedtour.com/blogs/why-is-bbl-popular/</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><div>Is this not what William Gosset did when he created the <i>t</i>-curve? Instead of moving around fat, he moved around probability under the normal curve. He moved that probability into the <b>tails</b>. Both Igo Pitanguy (inventor of the Brazilian Butt Lift) and William Gosset (inventor of the t-test) moved things around as to...CREATE A THICKER (thiccer?) TAIL. THIS IS SUCH A PERFECT METAPHOR. See:<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW-key8e7DHwCS0btF-Z8Mfws0Qtqvd6fZ4Wt3i9s5G1StcZKHaV_plZyQ2MK2XlR6JUU5l4tWX_erJyQ8PuMuOO9x670ee0TgtFDUC3_hyphenhyphenu8stQZBm07EHV3AwhapkPj3_pXxnAIXQwir4XKO5HQRGifwoOEpMVSvSVMqasyYkDjYw64L1rt7ogXmYaMu/s530/Brazillian%20Butt%20Lift%20Curve.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="530" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW-key8e7DHwCS0btF-Z8Mfws0Qtqvd6fZ4Wt3i9s5G1StcZKHaV_plZyQ2MK2XlR6JUU5l4tWX_erJyQ8PuMuOO9x670ee0TgtFDUC3_hyphenhyphenu8stQZBm07EHV3AwhapkPj3_pXxnAIXQwir4XKO5HQRGifwoOEpMVSvSVMqasyYkDjYw64L1rt7ogXmYaMu/w422-h293/Brazillian%20Butt%20Lift%20Curve.png" width="422" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /><p></p><p><br /></p></div></div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-64181028124629505342023-12-08T12:12:00.002-05:002023-12-08T12:20:28.741-05:00Update: Using baby name popularity to illustrate unimodal and bimodal dataI love internet-based teaching ideas. They are free and current. At least they were current when I first posted them, but some of my posts are ten years old. <div><br /></div><div>Such is the case for my old post about the <a href="https://notawfulandboring.blogspot.com/2014/02/baby-name-wizards-namevoyager.html">Baby Name Voyage</a>r and how to use it to illustrate unimodal, and bimodal distributions.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Instead, please go to <a href="https://namerology.com/baby-name-grapher/">NameGrapher</a> to show your students how flash-in-the-plan trendy baby names, like my own, have an unimodal distribution:</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKwUPex5-Ks-pggZD7ZUvgNVh3lGOJmKlfQDLp4RJPe7X9fgKFopJ6Py6uQiQrjwwzhGtOwQkSm237I4DOu1r_kf9eVqHkSeOPYCTcEb7wpNl9ZRbuoctufGhlW3baC8rndh6MpI1rLk3wHWHss458Fws0Zts4C8elITeof58bk9x8fcCEdx3iy_wfv0Dj" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1639" data-original-width="2410" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKwUPex5-Ks-pggZD7ZUvgNVh3lGOJmKlfQDLp4RJPe7X9fgKFopJ6Py6uQiQrjwwzhGtOwQkSm237I4DOu1r_kf9eVqHkSeOPYCTcEb7wpNl9ZRbuoctufGhlW3baC8rndh6MpI1rLk3wHWHss458Fws0Zts4C8elITeof58bk9x8fcCEdx3iy_wfv0Dj" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">As opposed to bimodal distributions, which flag a name as a more classical name that enjoyed a resurgence, like Emma:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrqQC7gB--MsuNWijL70bMgdxJHZaVuLT5krk-me-AvlCYtFIFvrpshNW80wx7L5n2xloj8gvgCc-XX0PK3e1hjj5ZFtHbx3H7mJUwf0n1c334nPampL2XPEOJamaCF6PbVjhBrIVC7LWCAiHLB2sPG3DUOufFPAzVdciPP4mFTwJOK4l-cb-c9AzpaFGt" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1643" data-original-width="2376" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgrqQC7gB--MsuNWijL70bMgdxJHZaVuLT5krk-me-AvlCYtFIFvrpshNW80wx7L5n2xloj8gvgCc-XX0PK3e1hjj5ZFtHbx3H7mJUwf0n1c334nPampL2XPEOJamaCF6PbVjhBrIVC7LWCAiHLB2sPG3DUOufFPAzVdciPP4mFTwJOK4l-cb-c9AzpaFGt" width="320" /></a></div><br />When I use this in class, I frame it between names that were trendy once and names that were trendy one hundred years ago and are again trendy. As a mom to grade-school-aged kids, I have certainly noticed this as a trend in kid names. So many Lilies and Noras! </div><div><br /></div><div>I also make sure my students understand that this information is gathered via Social Security Administration applications from the federal government, to back up another claim I make all semester long: Data is everywhere.</div><div><br /></div><div>A good follow-up activity for this is asking your students to enter their names into the database and describe the distribution shape. </div><div><br /></div><div>Hat tip to Greg Jensen for pointing me to the new website.</div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-91904832839751545342023-11-30T09:54:00.002-05:002023-11-30T09:54:09.429-05:00A recording of a statsy talk I gave at Murray State University.<p> Hey.</p><p>Most of you have never met me and only read my words on this blog, so I thought it would<a href="https://youtu.be/30EBiz8eHHk?si=iG8Q8vNjB_yw82vq"> be fun to share a recording of a talk I gave at Murray State University in October of this year</a>. </p><p>Not only do you get to see/hear me in action, I think this talk does a great job of summing up my approach to statistics and what I want my students to get out of my class.</p><p>If you agree with my approach, may I gently suggest that you sign yourself up to get updates on my forthcoming WW Norton Psychological Statistics textbook: https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/30EBiz8eHHk" width="320" youtube-src-id="30EBiz8eHHk"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-42534024015622794162023-11-03T11:32:00.005-04:002023-11-07T07:40:26.538-05:00Generate highly personalized music data using Exportify<p>Spotify generates gobs of data about music. </p><p>Most people have seen<a href="https://notawfulandboring.blogspot.com/2020/12/z-table-example-as-inspired-my-sa.html"> the end-of-the-year data Spotify generates for each user about their listening patterns</a>. Most people don't know that Spotify also generates a lot of data about individual songs. Some of it is straightforward: tempo, genre, length. However, Spotify also has its own niche way of quantifying songs: Danceability. Accousticness. Here is a whole list of their variables and descriptions from researchers at CMU:<a href=" https://www.stat.cmu.edu/capstoneresearch/315files_s23/team23.html"> https://www.stat.cmu.edu/capstoneresearch/315files_s23/team23.html</a></p><p>What does this mean for a stats teacher? You have access to highly personalizable data sets, rooted in music, with gobs and gobs of variables for each song...or artist...or album...or year of release...or genre (like, so many ways to divide up your data). </p><p>For instance, <a href="https://notawfulandboring.blogspot.com/2023/11/paired-t-tests-taylors-version.html">I created a data set with Spotify data for 1989 and 1989 (Taylor's Version) to teach paired <i>t</i>-tests</a>. How do Taylor's re-recordings compare to the originals? </p><p>This data is freely available for download. If you are fancy, you can negotiate their API all by yourself. If you aren't fancy (I'm not fancy), <a href="https://exportify.net/#playlists">you can use Exportify to get at this data</a>.</p><span></span><p><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3PDNKVCa4oOUXdp3hjfSX4Cr-5htuTVXkECmSj7086qvhkth9uVY7wcCozORLkzjRuh7i8DZSgs9ZoXHT8qDKyS_dDGu1EzVtGMstAVh_tO8iougM0sdwkOvEjlgb1DlOaOxGcbi3U_S2cb83X21A8toPOmp0x0FBdUDrDDkvLQAQe4rpv-HrYWQmJSPp/s974/spotify%201.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="974" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3PDNKVCa4oOUXdp3hjfSX4Cr-5htuTVXkECmSj7086qvhkth9uVY7wcCozORLkzjRuh7i8DZSgs9ZoXHT8qDKyS_dDGu1EzVtGMstAVh_tO8iougM0sdwkOvEjlgb1DlOaOxGcbi3U_S2cb83X21A8toPOmp0x0FBdUDrDDkvLQAQe4rpv-HrYWQmJSPp/s320/spotify%201.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://exportify.net/#playlists</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b>Exportify, in a nutshell:</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Create playlists on Spotify (I have a free account, and it still works). Connect Exportify with your Spotify account. Download CSVs that have ALL of the data about each song on your playlist. Analyze</span><span style="text-align: left;">. I teach intro stats and have already used this to teach t-tests and I am working on a way to use it to teach ANOVA. I bet you could also use this data to teach far more complicated data (multiple IVs, multiple DVs, repeated measures over time) analysis.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b>How can you use this in class?</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Pick your own artist. Have your students pick the artist! </span></div><p></p><p>Which artist's sounds have changed the most if you compare their first album to their most recent album? </p><p>Which K-pop groups differ from one another, and how? </p><p>Which artists have the most variability on a single album? </p><p>What about soundtracks for horror movies versus romances? What about the top ten songs from 2003 versus 2023?</p><p>Not only are there endless questions, but I imagine you could come up with data for any kind of test you would ever want your stats babies to learn. </p><p>PS: Hey! If you like this idea and would love a whole stats textbook from the brain of the person who came up with this idea, sign up for more information about my forthcoming book here: <a href="https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt">https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt</a></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-81810817932859543612023-11-01T12:23:00.005-04:002023-11-01T12:47:24.565-04:00Paired T-tests (Taylor's Version)Ok, more Taylor Swift data for you.<div><br /></div><div>DID YOU KNOW that Spotify collects buckets and buckets of data about each and every song it provides (see:<a href=" https://www.spotify-song-stats.com/about"> https://www.spotify-song-stats.com/about</a>)</div><div><br /></div><div>So, I downloaded this information for 1989 and 1989 (Taylor's Version). So I could test for any differences between the recordings. Like, with data, not with my feelings and emotions. Specifically with a paired <i>t</i>-test.</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilcAPilpQij8sL1OfvrvyNxgVSvU5Cn_xCwedXB3T044Qx1bxL1w69Y7wwRaSqXIL41A39rd7a4iNAqQ74iFeZegF1DaFf2QqaES1HU4FLy09oHKTH_uKMHinqgCyZ1mCTFf39-33mub0Ua0it9x0Tjm41s9q90c8hG0q-gzy8IwrWh6TDMxPL8JgdGVwE" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="968" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilcAPilpQij8sL1OfvrvyNxgVSvU5Cn_xCwedXB3T044Qx1bxL1w69Y7wwRaSqXIL41A39rd7a4iNAqQ74iFeZegF1DaFf2QqaES1HU4FLy09oHKTH_uKMHinqgCyZ1mCTFf39-33mub0Ua0it9x0Tjm41s9q90c8hG0q-gzy8IwrWh6TDMxPL8JgdGVwE=w442-h330" width="442" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I get it. The sample sizes are very small. However, the data is still interesting. It makes sense that the tempo hasn't changed. Like, she did slow down or speed up anything. And that is super NS with an itty-bitty effect size. It is also interesting that acousticness has decreased. These are more heavily produced versions of the same songs (IMO), and while this change didn't achieve significance, it is a moderate effect size. </div><br />ANYWAY, you aren't really here for this information. You are here for data to share with your classes, yes? I'm here to help you teach your students as well, so here is a folder with the data. </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tTjtyKSrMJ2R0FnpUDQajKFjDTzmjeaU?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tTjtyKSrMJ2R0FnpUDQajKFjDTzmjeaU?usp=sharing</a></div><div><br /></div><div>ALSO: If you like this teaching tip, and want more teaching tips like this tip, <a href="https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt">please consider going to this website hosted by my textbook publisher, W.W. Norton. </a>The book still needs some polishing, but you will be among the first to know when the exam copy is available. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-36106181222081947072023-10-29T18:12:00.001-04:002023-11-16T09:58:13.675-05:00Blatant self-promotion: My textbook publisher is now accepting requests for exam copies of my textbook!!<p>Holy smokes. I am almost done with my textbook, Statistics for Everyone. It is a Psych. Stats. textbook. Like, the project started in 2019. It really started when I started my blog in 2012, but my awesome, supportive team at Norton and I started working on this textbook in 2019. I have been supported every step of the way by my editorial team. Norton understood my vision: An engaging, supportive, joyful stats textbook. It is filled with science silliness, and pop culture. Something that prepares students to become statisticians AND citizens in an increasingly data-driven world. Something I created out of my experiences teaching smart, hardworking, sometimes hesitant statistics students at Gannon University since 2009. </p><p>I am so excited to share it with you all. It is going to be something special. I want to help you teach your statistics class, and I want to help your students understand statistics. </p><p>If you would like to pre-register for an exam copy of the book, please go to this website: <a href="https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt">https://seagull.wwnorton.com/l/710463/2023-10-26/2tp3nt</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-68929042865748192632023-10-23T20:15:00.000-04:002023-10-23T20:15:12.485-04:00The Taylor Swift Effect: Does Tay-tay's presence influence Travis Kelce's performance?In what is a common occurance for this blog, it all started with a Tweet. A very punny Tweet<div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW3VrHE9zDNI4v8C4tgn9YiumvyT3k-b1GThjqU82O5_3Do5dymUuFP0cOyb7G6wGOVtENTjqTc4gyXmle3XUY56LkxOCaph3h88MHAgl0tizcnzZR4WyCIbtAgqSSdWEwS3v17zB1kMfpt7LTxrzOK_kykAWMuUP20FeRp_eyv69g_n3tNkz1Dbc2Tdvb/s766/blog%20Taylor%20Swift%20Kelce.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="766" data-original-width="560" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW3VrHE9zDNI4v8C4tgn9YiumvyT3k-b1GThjqU82O5_3Do5dymUuFP0cOyb7G6wGOVtENTjqTc4gyXmle3XUY56LkxOCaph3h88MHAgl0tizcnzZR4WyCIbtAgqSSdWEwS3v17zB1kMfpt7LTxrzOK_kykAWMuUP20FeRp_eyv69g_n3tNkz1Dbc2Tdvb/w326-h446/blog%20Taylor%20Swift%20Kelce.png" width="326" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://twitter.com/ESPNFantasy/status/1716216331752624509</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div><div>It begs the question: How are various indicators of Kelce's performance influenced by the presence or absence of one Taylor Swift? What she is steadily attending games this fall, we'll have to wait and see if her international tour, starting 11/7, changes that.</div><div><br /></div><div>Regardless, I'll update <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Vmhu2BSiKOMQjXTdZiq8Gq51oVu-FudqPe6Sqpv7GJs/edit?usp=sharing">THIS SPREADSHEET </a>over the season so you can run all of the independent t-tests you want with your students. </div><div><br /></div><div>AND SOMEDAY I WILL UPDATE THIS SPREADSHEET TO INCLUDE WHETHER OR NOT THEIR CHILDREN ATTEND I SWEAR IT IS COMING.</div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-42012802754220969262023-10-23T14:10:00.002-04:002023-10-24T08:40:02.301-04:00That time Mr. Beast did a paired t-test<p>1. I assure you, your traditional college-aged students know who Mr. Beast is.</p><p>2. If you don't know who he is, just Google him.</p><p>3. His real name is Jimmy so that's what I'll call him for the remainder of the post because while I respect his work and can't handle writing/referring to an adult human who isn't a wrestler as Mr. Beast again. Anyway, Jimmy shared, via Twitter (it is still Twitter) that he had done some A/B testing on his clips. A story in two Tweets. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb34Fq2I1rZN-ht4hhyQROI7G4EqbKbqxHJ4dXOeB1Nfo821HSb3OJmaLCSEXKlJjkbncGil_5OJsM1YFOPuJExead_-jNQJsBXdz2jmZiZD3-Zirw3FITR2k95oDb_Yjdvgh764v5F9fp-P_2FaLeXwH5VacIDT5VIKPR3zCzlxOxt90zJvcx0HtoR9Ak/s1763/jimmy%201.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="732" data-original-width="1763" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb34Fq2I1rZN-ht4hhyQROI7G4EqbKbqxHJ4dXOeB1Nfo821HSb3OJmaLCSEXKlJjkbncGil_5OJsM1YFOPuJExead_-jNQJsBXdz2jmZiZD3-Zirw3FITR2k95oDb_Yjdvgh764v5F9fp-P_2FaLeXwH5VacIDT5VIKPR3zCzlxOxt90zJvcx0HtoR9Ak/w573-h238/jimmy%201.png" width="573" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">https://twitter.com/MrBeast/status/1699460698726613343</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6vW6Jjk0mPpUyjPymixKRtn9ecjYqU0st9OmZBtU9bEcK3z542KqVzHopWOLSe0ccuy5nUYlxnDRcC8kTCI6W8YMMJ0scROvaFCc4B2zFO2SgNcbJZMJCu6bTOjiJIcmEur9liRqalOBgBBNxZ-xPjn1JikSGliqK-6cXH3TB9bFVhlSDQbQDTmqW3A1-/s800/jimmy%202.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="800" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6vW6Jjk0mPpUyjPymixKRtn9ecjYqU0st9OmZBtU9bEcK3z542KqVzHopWOLSe0ccuy5nUYlxnDRcC8kTCI6W8YMMJ0scROvaFCc4B2zFO2SgNcbJZMJCu6bTOjiJIcmEur9liRqalOBgBBNxZ-xPjn1JikSGliqK-6cXH3TB9bFVhlSDQbQDTmqW3A1-/w475-h408/jimmy%202.png" width="475" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; text-align: start; white-space-collapse: preserve;">https://x.com/MrBeast/status/1699460698726613343?s=20</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/6/23861576/youtube-face-mrbeast-open-closed-mouth-a-b-testing-thumbnail">This story made the rounds because Mr. Beast is such a famous YouTuber</a>. How can you use this example in class?</p><p>1. Introduce A/B testing, and how some of the techniques used by professional statisticians are actually pretty straightforward application of basic statistics tests (here, paired <i>t</i>-test).</p><p>2. Conduct a paired <i>t</i>-test: <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1K8JFMjsvfwX9u7X0inNsV8ymaXmBY_rEE90C9oXkWrg/edit?usp=sharing">I made up some pretend data that imitates these findings</a>.</p><p>3. Review the parts of a paired <i>t</i>-tests. IV: Smile vs. no smile. DV: Seconds spent viewing the video.</p><p>4. YouTube content creators may seem to prioritize content, lolz, etc., but a lot of the executive decisions about what videos to post have to do with what people are watching and how they watch the videos. That is all data. Yes, there are already data analytic firms just for influencer data. It is a job.</p><p>5. Depending on the kind of psychologist you are and what you teach, you could get into Duchenne smiles versus non-Duchenne smiles, the uncanny valley, etc. </p><p><br /><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-28016682129023159842023-10-12T11:08:00.004-04:002023-10-12T11:10:24.755-04:00Why do post-partum women see faces everywhere?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Y'all. This is a statsy example featuring sensation and perception, developmental, and neuroscience. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">The study found that post-partum, but not pregnant, women, saw faces where there were no faces (pareidolia illusion)</span><span style="text-align: left;">. It is attributed to the endogenous oxytocin bump women experience after they have babies. </span><a href="https://www.newsweek.com/scientist-discover-side-effect-women-giving-birth-1826389" style="text-align: left;">Here is a link to Newsweek's treatment of the study</a><span style="text-align: left;"> and </span><a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0126" style="text-align: left;">the actual study</a><span style="text-align: left;">.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Here are some examples of the photos used in the experiment. They are so dear because I see faces.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVsTdfIgvmOu_W7a94KArIw5GM_hAD43IvrdnaFcX1vHdz4UHxHAYz50r8BMBRqY-BeLiFdQPBPjOdf1-DytAnFy92rqNC5rPRMhdbFXsxHV1C9TaLt9Bfnq0QKJ7NsPMV64TQLieJtB9JQL3lNkdLqeRQUaCKwslsgsrtUMS13a9Zf7rEoXy6RXecUUUT/s2016/preggo%20face%20just%20the%20faces.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="2016" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVsTdfIgvmOu_W7a94KArIw5GM_hAD43IvrdnaFcX1vHdz4UHxHAYz50r8BMBRqY-BeLiFdQPBPjOdf1-DytAnFy92rqNC5rPRMhdbFXsxHV1C9TaLt9Bfnq0QKJ7NsPMV64TQLieJtB9JQL3lNkdLqeRQUaCKwslsgsrtUMS13a9Zf7rEoXy6RXecUUUT/w644-h177/preggo%20face%20just%20the%20faces.png" width="644" /></a></div><br />I think my favorite is the clothes washer. Anyway, the researchers used pregnant women, post-partum women, and a control group and measured how often they saw faces.<div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCXTNJoiOQLaLUxNXFGCk3exhjQ4QD36kPj2x0ewUhfjb80m1MT0jQe-StUYfA1ub7K2HlcXDbFN2ALQlSC2Aus8x71DfQLRHPh5p8mqsYZppxPTkxDa4kB0CfPKLJ3L1kfbzJCAjcdf5YIxWq7jvWuOhRm7__5znb4LQ-jR4IdGYnyDgw1sA2r4SqANQ-/s2250/edit%20preggo%20face%203.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1007" data-original-width="2250" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCXTNJoiOQLaLUxNXFGCk3exhjQ4QD36kPj2x0ewUhfjb80m1MT0jQe-StUYfA1ub7K2HlcXDbFN2ALQlSC2Aus8x71DfQLRHPh5p8mqsYZppxPTkxDa4kB0CfPKLJ3L1kfbzJCAjcdf5YIxWq7jvWuOhRm7__5znb4LQ-jR4IdGYnyDgw1sA2r4SqANQ-/w575-h257/edit%20preggo%20face%203.jpg" width="575" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdkan6_Nnh3gvLuR25QtkUoUcoKcZdEcI8WrwJ5PCPIGSA2MooC1elx2_EOAeJAhp0wuKcExV5BSX1qp5taMzO_nB5Brg8Rhl7ijofQuOc4wySpkjm4oR9A9523aRJSqZObrWBO4-aGsS_7soSzhTH4NcDW9Ii3Y47pe1Q4Qj1nqfIO5UFi56Nc0xdWD1F/s895/edit%20preggo%20face%204.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="895" data-original-width="725" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdkan6_Nnh3gvLuR25QtkUoUcoKcZdEcI8WrwJ5PCPIGSA2MooC1elx2_EOAeJAhp0wuKcExV5BSX1qp5taMzO_nB5Brg8Rhl7ijofQuOc4wySpkjm4oR9A9523aRJSqZObrWBO4-aGsS_7soSzhTH4NcDW9Ii3Y47pe1Q4Qj1nqfIO5UFi56Nc0xdWD1F/s320/edit%20preggo%20face%204.jpg" width="259" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><div><br /></div><div>How to use<div><br /></div><div>1. There is a good ol' Mann-Whitney U in this study. Making this the first ever Mann-Whitney U featured on the blog.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE0DKu95EJIwv47LBoPT7HVCieRF3bladOt12Zwa-bsJME4sRYk1tFwT8FhVDQH4w3pz74D6jarC4wfhyphenhyphennViRCGMI7LAj8cZ7BcyJAvi05tjS6T9ZGNvOyP-zTI35kCjmREy0FAKFw3z7e1ji0qvfPjHaUimgEU18aHVCHkK1yMIh3UPRrdMYbyuLnx63K/s1503/preggo%20face%20findings.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="298" data-original-width="1503" height="95" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE0DKu95EJIwv47LBoPT7HVCieRF3bladOt12Zwa-bsJME4sRYk1tFwT8FhVDQH4w3pz74D6jarC4wfhyphenhyphennViRCGMI7LAj8cZ7BcyJAvi05tjS6T9ZGNvOyP-zTI35kCjmREy0FAKFw3z7e1ji0qvfPjHaUimgEU18aHVCHkK1yMIh3UPRrdMYbyuLnx63K/w484-h95/preggo%20face%20findings.png" width="484" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>2. The researchers used OSF, and <a href="https://osf.io/6merf/">the data is available</a>.</div><div><div><br /></div><div>3. I like the growing trend of pairing newer and older data visualizations. Here, bar graphs and jitter plots are used to illustrate the same data, and you can really see how the jitter plot does a better job at conveying variance in the data.</div><div><br /></div><div>4. The Newsweek coverage is nice because a) there is an audio portion you could play in class and b) the scientists talk about HOW they came to this hypothesis to test. I think young psychologists need to hear more of these stories.</div><div> </div><div>5. There is a factorial ANOVA in there, too. <br /><br /></div></div></div></div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-30123541708687703272023-10-07T12:56:00.003-04:002023-10-07T12:56:46.582-04:00The Humble Nutrition Label<p>I am in a hotel lobby in Portland, OR. I am attended Society for the Teaching of Psychology's Annual Conference on Teaching. I did a talk with my friend Jenny Kunz on syllabus redesign. We found that incorporating graphic design principles in syllabi improve retention of syllabus information. </p><p>Anyway, that reminded me of the recent passing of Burkey Belser. Who is that? He is the graphic designer who created the the labels on each and every food item sold in America. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/09/28/1202113376/next-time-you-read-a-food-nutrition-label-pour-one-out-for-burkey-belser">I learned about his passing from this remembrance in NPR.</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8cHkapXPlx76wpT1yWcozn7aCkyBVPT-hfnkjw2w7RsnzJ9rnoE1RPbYbTh5KV6tfD3m2D9jg07Kr0mn4uc8ba0xOGBEk6Ewi0WGq6EHq6pVV-6BF52mMaotpnQ0EQdKprK9dIAu-ibejK1r434nkkRlXxpQD0wOpMsum9dyysB8X_8REqna3fKUrdzXf" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><img alt="" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8cHkapXPlx76wpT1yWcozn7aCkyBVPT-hfnkjw2w7RsnzJ9rnoE1RPbYbTh5KV6tfD3m2D9jg07Kr0mn4uc8ba0xOGBEk6Ewi0WGq6EHq6pVV-6BF52mMaotpnQ0EQdKprK9dIAu-ibejK1r434nkkRlXxpQD0wOpMsum9dyysB8X_8REqna3fKUrdzXf" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p>IT IS A FREQUENCY TABLE, Y'ALL. I never thought about it this way until, like, a week ago. After seeing these and using these for years and years.</p><p>Okay, first, let's just take a moment to admire one of Belser's professional head shots.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuBjEynTeIGsBYxBfiz1GcWx7GEFGVOXeXsW2L0O9ms9W9gbWCmmsdWlf-b3HESVWmbjoOm0Ucd434WIVA4Yd8Ct_AUab26PgBj3dE8t9cqik1qkPyBrcTvZJdSVsd-xFkCu2URKiArojW_Pq1zpppVMsAXa_Ndki69zE_C4YeBYRetrhrG14Mlj8qaaW2" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="567" data-original-width="541" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhuBjEynTeIGsBYxBfiz1GcWx7GEFGVOXeXsW2L0O9ms9W9gbWCmmsdWlf-b3HESVWmbjoOm0Ucd434WIVA4Yd8Ct_AUab26PgBj3dE8t9cqik1qkPyBrcTvZJdSVsd-xFkCu2URKiArojW_Pq1zpppVMsAXa_Ndki69zE_C4YeBYRetrhrG14Mlj8qaaW2=w288-h302" width="288" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p>RIGHT?!</p><p></p><p>Anyway, I had never heard of Belser until I came across this remembrance on NPR:</p><p><br /></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVO64cnMMMYtJCavBZDOcdpzm6-PBKEtYVGmbCynpCm4GJjt4KpGYRxx6K8Z2GdcH00h3E8T2pgFmi91B3l37JNM--vS8T4KDiwkpaaHqzXOsn19fHNSgpjBqCgCrLFeUUWv0281-jx-FomKKTuADY5c0MXAq-bG1PauNc7HJ-UDWYLnIiM-PHveFG7i81" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The nutrition box hit store shelves in 1994 Creating the official food information panel was a complicated process, with input from business groups and health advocates, along with experts at the Food and Drug Administration. Pie and bar charts were ruled out; so were other illustrations and colors, as the design team worked through 35 iterations. When the finished product came out, it was hailed as a success. "I applaud the person who designed the Nutrition Facts label that's on every food package now being sold in the U.S.," the Italian designer Massimo Vignelli said in Print, the American Institute of Graphic Design's magazine, in 1996. "That is a masterpiece of information architecture, and quite a victory for social responsibility."" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="976" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVO64cnMMMYtJCavBZDOcdpzm6-PBKEtYVGmbCynpCm4GJjt4KpGYRxx6K8Z2GdcH00h3E8T2pgFmi91B3l37JNM--vS8T4KDiwkpaaHqzXOsn19fHNSgpjBqCgCrLFeUUWv0281-jx-FomKKTuADY5c0MXAq-bG1PauNc7HJ-UDWYLnIiM-PHveFG7i81=w516-h348" width="516" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><p></p><p>How to use in class:</p><p>1. Frequency table example.</p><p>2.Sometimes, I like to remind my students that the examples I have for them in class aren't necessarily the most exciting in the world, but they serve to demonstrate the ubiquity of statistics, when they are so common place that you don't even notice them, but they are there. Mandated by the government. Created with usability in mind. </p><p><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-52994105308668809922023-09-06T10:00:00.007-04:002023-09-06T10:00:50.206-04:00SMARVUS database of stats students and many of their feelings and cognitions about stats<p>You all. Many people, but mostly Jenny Terry and Andy Fields, but also a number of my Twitter mutuals,<a href=" https://psyarxiv.com/au9vp"> collected a crap ton of data from statistics students worldwide</a>. </p><p>See:</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxMO-J9Gr6il3y9eUYy-Bmu6iawOfqVjRkdcTHbvixg1r_g5mHu-hxPYSTVMkVV4CfHdMgv4FYoAcNOmvklfwxP5xb9O_T7ATZvz0Xg7Vv94JzJanGdF0dsrjRJmZO_IjM9qWil6qBHt5KHOnaiHy6hulDwoIowV0lTr4R_xjynyIehuWnhj3tVZEC4A" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts. Note that the pre-registration can be found here: https://osf.io/xs5wf." data-original-height="1062" data-original-width="1515" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxMO-J9Gr6il3y9eUYy-Bmu6iawOfqVjRkdcTHbvixg1r_g5mHu-hxPYSTVMkVV4CfHdMgv4FYoAcNOmvklfwxP5xb9O_T7ATZvz0Xg7Vv94JzJanGdF0dsrjRJmZO_IjM9qWil6qBHt5KHOnaiHy6hulDwoIowV0lTr4R_xjynyIehuWnhj3tVZEC4A=w320-h224" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><a href="https://psyarxiv.com/au9vp/">Here is the article describing the project</a>. The data is embargoed until October 2024, but you can contact the corresponding authors if you would like early access. <a href="https://osf.io/mhg94/">Also, they have tons and tons of documentation available at OSF</a>. So you can come up with your own hypotheses and test them. Which is very, very generous.<br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-81786138675717849142023-08-08T19:57:00.007-04:002023-08-08T19:57:44.186-04:00The Unstoppable Pop of Taylor Swift: Data visualizations, variable operationalization, and DATA DATA DATA<p> <a href="https://www.reuters.com/graphics/MUSIC-TAYLORSWIFT/SPOTIFY/dwpkarywqpm/?utm_source=chartr&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_campaign=chartr_20230802">The unstoppable pop of Taylor Swift (reuters.com)</a></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_ml6hUqasUd1kjgiXsaxXi2216KXZNfAwjPdUPxbe5pbQaILlO35XDXtPucJDazKjXr0pdi9NroZVrMgk4k2KyVWm35UXMhyBz4izH1DQ3gEflkGKUnAiQQaBBSj0bp79c9NL2oSrM3z-mq6JuNaRM39lOD2XvhgPbtTWm7ZiQjBClfAk9Q2UN2bLSMSY" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The landing page for the website, reading The Unstoppable Pop of Taylor Swift" data-original-height="841" data-original-width="1509" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_ml6hUqasUd1kjgiXsaxXi2216KXZNfAwjPdUPxbe5pbQaILlO35XDXtPucJDazKjXr0pdi9NroZVrMgk4k2KyVWm35UXMhyBz4izH1DQ3gEflkGKUnAiQQaBBSj0bp79c9NL2oSrM3z-mq6JuNaRM39lOD2XvhgPbtTWm7ZiQjBClfAk9Q2UN2bLSMSY=w640-h356" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here are some ideas for using this to teach statistics:<p></p><p><b>Data visualizations and visualization guides:</b></p><p>With cats, y'all. And the Taylor Swift handwriting font. I love the whole vibe of this as well as how they explain their data visualizations.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilnYiRFohc7ESPpCIZdYjmLnswnUBJgci1pRoKDBmd6pcHU3OxzGPdHdoSncx2ngGEsJ1G41hr9y9JzJCWIaVF8OMMMo8Tvm17JDyXlyKtGawRqhO3lHRUBeVKiHtn5BNEvGLuWk3YE8TPCo4QyTmy3YNIQSdQgIYjwINVqkPz25VEAKPZxj0GtoIRzUgN" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="1468" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilnYiRFohc7ESPpCIZdYjmLnswnUBJgci1pRoKDBmd6pcHU3OxzGPdHdoSncx2ngGEsJ1G41hr9y9JzJCWIaVF8OMMMo8Tvm17JDyXlyKtGawRqhO3lHRUBeVKiHtn5BNEvGLuWk3YE8TPCo4QyTmy3YNIQSdQgIYjwINVqkPz25VEAKPZxj0GtoIRzUgN=w640-h292" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p><b>Operationalizing things:</b></p><p>The page describes three Spotify metrics for music: Acousticness, danceability, and emotion. The data visualization contains a numeric value for each metric and a description of the metric's meaning.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEif20LieHmhASKHATWsVEHRlhz19dCoZpF-nRtcnRnMXhQ8BvsoNkOJoqcT9O6H2JmxHCStGtiiPglvMkFhNydhOV_hPnUhQB73Y-ZONWL4JH3F8EVwsHaA27NlHlKsqSVOkjws2pO0VJnCzQakrjHmoL_LQgJ0TVrxRPbMRfU4euVr5RxOHPHMgROrZYMo" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Songs that score high in this metric are primarily backed by acoustic rather than electronic instruments. Swift revealed at the Nashville Songwriter Awards that she sorts her songs into three lyrical genres based on the tool she imagines writing the song with: a quill, a fountain pen or a glitter gel pen. A high score on acoustics is a quintessential quill pen song. In an Apple playlist she curated, she intros, "Quill pen songs are songs with lyrics that make you feel all old fashioned. Like you're a 19th century poet crafting your next sonnet by candlelight." Two recent albums, “folklore” and “evermore,” are prime examples. Taylor traded in the sparkle featured in “Lover” and “1989” for cardigans and cottagecore." data-original-height="756" data-original-width="1448" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEif20LieHmhASKHATWsVEHRlhz19dCoZpF-nRtcnRnMXhQ8BvsoNkOJoqcT9O6H2JmxHCStGtiiPglvMkFhNydhOV_hPnUhQB73Y-ZONWL4JH3F8EVwsHaA27NlHlKsqSVOkjws2pO0VJnCzQakrjHmoL_LQgJ0TVrxRPbMRfU4euVr5RxOHPHMgROrZYMo=w640-h334" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b>DATA!:</b><p></p><p>Okay. This is an excellent example of things already. And it is delightful. Then I thought, "Oh, wouldn't it be fun if this was in spreadsheet form!" (I think that A LOT, friends).</p><p>But, as I write a book and my syllabi, I don't have time for that, <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/TaylorSwift/comments/ocjlo2/taylor_swifts_spotify_data_visualization/">BUT A REDDITOR DID HAVE TIME FOR THAT</a>. Dr. Doon created a spreadsheet with 18 columns of Spotify data for each son. It doesn't include the Midnights data but is still a fantastic amount of data. Do what you want with this data. There is a weak, significant negative correlation between danceability and acousticness. There is a column for the album the song comes from, allowing you to create independent <i>t</i>-test and ANOVA examples.</p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-49867649381415733722023-07-24T09:33:00.005-04:002023-07-24T09:34:51.944-04:00America's worse drivers, according to Consumer Affairs.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVgYn-iEBtqosSum3VSQYh_I4__WqYTv8HGbsvvG7TLbyEAJQRFR2FuVYiNMLoORfvZK0FTt53182AYCSNcwCiWAtk1FRYRhogG9kiS_ySguJEGI4CLl2xSBbuJzj79jOKngSRv8EMQpbZU9IS4DIVs06UZwTM9VJWpVqDLoV1TNR2v7Iq0silVY146szC/s737/bad%20drivers%20worst%20map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="492" data-original-width="737" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVgYn-iEBtqosSum3VSQYh_I4__WqYTv8HGbsvvG7TLbyEAJQRFR2FuVYiNMLoORfvZK0FTt53182AYCSNcwCiWAtk1FRYRhogG9kiS_ySguJEGI4CLl2xSBbuJzj79jOKngSRv8EMQpbZU9IS4DIVs06UZwTM9VJWpVqDLoV1TNR2v7Iq0silVY146szC/w304-h204/bad%20drivers%20worst%20map.jpg" width="304" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsX663y7ous1mdJDTLuQUwG-IZRbq1XQvau1qtM4LZVTgKjnXLdByJ0bYKcPnu1fS7NndYKnlI8ZYupnBkIp2xCrRo8neHpXgL-SdfON7LqFqgRytf1BTMFDD2_S4-njPrAzN3DkmhbRAbxmbhhXSMZ-A6rWfyA_bp6dJekpswztzLbQVK0IhfOrc5rYR/s737/bad%20drivers%20best%20map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="492" data-original-width="737" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsX663y7ous1mdJDTLuQUwG-IZRbq1XQvau1qtM4LZVTgKjnXLdByJ0bYKcPnu1fS7NndYKnlI8ZYupnBkIp2xCrRo8neHpXgL-SdfON7LqFqgRytf1BTMFDD2_S4-njPrAzN3DkmhbRAbxmbhhXSMZ-A6rWfyA_bp6dJekpswztzLbQVK0IhfOrc5rYR/w299-h200/bad%20drivers%20best%20map.jpg" width="299" /></a></div><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.consumeraffairs.com/automotive/worst-drivers-in-america.html">Consumer Affairs released a list of America's best and worst drivers</a>. It is a short article but contains many good stats nuggets.</p><p>1. Ratio and ordinal versions of the same data.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg650a9-ddmKR1RZJwgqKrYhgrhTpckZwfp1k18nCu3Wr90aLUZeW84_yeh0dDc6HAluTd6DD1tL6ELwRsMvHhycnw_Uw8YpexQoy_FIffwQE4e1_c9PWAdkAd4PlgzmKIYJ20q_dPGOJPF50gU6EswxQ-8IvMKwSQdKnLDg0ovmBiMCYbBeidEnWHpa5R8/s1049/bad%20drivers%20ordinal%20ratio.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="871" data-original-width="1049" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg650a9-ddmKR1RZJwgqKrYhgrhTpckZwfp1k18nCu3Wr90aLUZeW84_yeh0dDc6HAluTd6DD1tL6ELwRsMvHhycnw_Uw8YpexQoy_FIffwQE4e1_c9PWAdkAd4PlgzmKIYJ20q_dPGOJPF50gU6EswxQ-8IvMKwSQdKnLDg0ovmBiMCYbBeidEnWHpa5R8/s320/bad%20drivers%20ordinal%20ratio.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>2. Where did the ratio data come from? Take a look at the Methodology.</p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDl2MXNgTBuS_Ax-P5Oru8WA-jX063EmLq-MGFoeI94iUBQvySmlwDOTd6X-rSXA7Xtx9Sc-9J5xmYBpYe5NgOIzMe1BUN_eIfYErYW3h5Xt5v1DqQQK_vq1AK9EY0q4oGkqlHJHWTZvALaz7sMv2MlVgg4Lre1IQukq5ZE1hx0pNxqF5VUGR5578VFPQk/s2580/bad%20drivers%202%20methods.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2159" data-original-width="2580" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDl2MXNgTBuS_Ax-P5Oru8WA-jX063EmLq-MGFoeI94iUBQvySmlwDOTd6X-rSXA7Xtx9Sc-9J5xmYBpYe5NgOIzMe1BUN_eIfYErYW3h5Xt5v1DqQQK_vq1AK9EY0q4oGkqlHJHWTZvALaz7sMv2MlVgg4Lre1IQukq5ZE1hx0pNxqF5VUGR5578VFPQk/w415-h348/bad%20drivers%202%20methods.png" width="415" /></a></div><span style="text-align: center;">3. </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lUm3BKH6Q1fErfYBWf-l03HN8lMvlW0O/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=103379104980266607732&rtpof=true&sd=true" style="text-align: center;">Here is the data for the twenty most terrible driver</a><span style="text-align: center;">s. It includes the nominal/ratio data I shared above and the top four bullet points from the image above.</span><br /><p>4. Where did they find their data? Lucky for us, they cite their data. Which is good form, right? But also, it is an example of how much hecking data is out there. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAq2fu5Na1aJ5ZR7KbnjEreEFwvms_4RAoT1LmVa1N_GLwGdlZKOvnaY36QJ1UFQHDHrZCvUdWQe-YmC3is9V3b7CKpw5Y-93eqa6WajA-xIl4dOmYcw8e7w-iwY9puEya-lWntjgGsjenEloEEoFqpRyYVmUBP4vuOiCN254JwBsmw99zp4jOv5NW4UG_/s2643/Bad%20drivers%201.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A list of citations available that the website." border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="2643" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAq2fu5Na1aJ5ZR7KbnjEreEFwvms_4RAoT1LmVa1N_GLwGdlZKOvnaY36QJ1UFQHDHrZCvUdWQe-YmC3is9V3b7CKpw5Y-93eqa6WajA-xIl4dOmYcw8e7w-iwY9puEya-lWntjgGsjenEloEEoFqpRyYVmUBP4vuOiCN254JwBsmw99zp4jOv5NW4UG_/w434-h191/Bad%20drivers%201.png" width="434" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><p></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-82046224554066021772023-06-30T09:46:00.001-04:002023-06-30T09:46:10.211-04:00Mark Rober's 14 minute long primer on machine learning<p>I'm a fan of former NASA engineer and current YouTuber/science comm pro <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY1kMZp36IQSyNx_9h4mpCg/videos">Mark Rober</a>. He meets the sweet spot of containing YouTube content that is safe for kids but also engaging for adults. You may know him for<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lg5wznn3IBE"> creating obstacle courses for squirrels in his backyard </a>and holding the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e09xig209cQ">world record for the tallest elephant toothpaste explosion</a>. </p><p>Recently, I discovered that he made a stats-adjacent video <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmlRbfSavbI">explaining machine learning by studying baseball signals and creating a way to de-code baseball signals</a>.</p><p>Anyway, if you touch on your topics in your classes, this is a great, quick explainer. It is well-edited, well-produced, and has captioning. You don't need to be a baseball fan to follow this example. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PmlRbfSavbI" width="320" youtube-src-id="PmlRbfSavbI"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-67434393705263031572023-06-26T10:23:00.000-04:002023-06-26T10:23:13.000-04:00University of Pittsburgh's National Sports Brain Bank<p> I have written about the NFL's response to concussion data as a case study of how to obfuscate data. This has been covered in many places, including in <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/05/nfls-concussion-cover-up/484016/">The Atlantic</a> and on <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/league-of-denial/">PBS</a>.</p><p>In my experience, concussions are a prime source of conversation for traditionally college-aged students. Many of them were high school athletes. Fewer are college athletes. Most college students have personally experienced a concussion or loves someone who has.</p><p>Now, the<a href="https://www.neuro.pathology.pitt.edu/national-sports-brain-bank"> University of Pittsburgh is opening the National Sports Brain Bank</a>. This is for athletes, not just football players. Two former Steelers have promised their brains, as have two scientists who played contact sports. </p><p><a href="https://www.utimes.pitt.edu/news/pitt-unveils-national">Here is a press release from the University of Pittsburgh</a>. Here is a <a href=" https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/university-of-pittsburgh-announces-national-sports-brain-bank/">news report</a> featuring the two Steelers who have promised to donate their brains.</p><p>However, as described by Aschwander, <a href="https://notawfulandboring.blogspot.com/2019/01/aschwandens-why-we-still-dont-know-how.html">we still don't know how many football players have CTE</a> (please read this piece, it is such good stats literacy from Aschwander).</p><p>How to use this in your class: Read the FAQs to understand their purpose and methodology.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p>1. Discuss samples and populations.</p><p>CTE discussions usually revolve around football players and people in the military. But the true population here are all people in contact sports or may have experienced a concussion.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFcRGrYxtivRwCUBsdhxF-7pKJIL0LCNjY6i_4Ho8tSrv1CUFhkWBVVZrd5ftH2gvhGzluP9W3-KyrNwIIpbLiN8xBDyEwRx9vBSGAT_GBKya9t0N23mpJpX_tMrZA9EmkVMZ4ojH0f6BJVFJiT0AnH2VCU0xpbVc2ut7CMnAbWB2H-D3YAUCGcUysEI9a" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The study is open to any adult who participated in contact sports, including but not limited to football, soccer, ice hockey, boxing, wrestling, equestrian, motocross, cheerleading and many others. Participants from all levels of play are welcome, including youth sports, high school, collegiate, professional and adult amateur leagues. The study is open to residents from all across the United States. For contact sport participants, it is not necessary to have a history of a known concussion. It is not necessary to have any cognitive or mood symptoms. We welcome symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. Individuals who served in the military or had a concussion from another cause are also welcome to sign up." data-original-height="182" data-original-width="646" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFcRGrYxtivRwCUBsdhxF-7pKJIL0LCNjY6i_4Ho8tSrv1CUFhkWBVVZrd5ftH2gvhGzluP9W3-KyrNwIIpbLiN8xBDyEwRx9vBSGAT_GBKya9t0N23mpJpX_tMrZA9EmkVMZ4ojH0f6BJVFJiT0AnH2VCU0xpbVc2ut7CMnAbWB2H-D3YAUCGcUysEI9a=w425-h120" width="425" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>2. Sometimes, researchers wish to gather data from people who know you, not just from you. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgohAXLLSKFSrxj_0cXx0HYPLwKLiBiqx7dlLPcoY8jNWdEW1rF4U50TTceX-p-fasBgXDT63HPjUr-0lHSjVANSZJ2GWav6Mry-QO9PgJ6gD2e9BXlxz-Uv31Wcn2y7hZ7HBqCaqKsbQ33PQmmlTKGAbax1M7st-NS4Q655odT9_CJquCtFHmVidTSqWgb" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="You will be asked to provide a study partner, who can answer questions about how well you manage daily activities and if they noted any changes in your thinking abilities, behavior or mood. This can be a relative or someone else who knows you well and interacts with you on a regular basis." data-original-height="95" data-original-width="692" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgohAXLLSKFSrxj_0cXx0HYPLwKLiBiqx7dlLPcoY8jNWdEW1rF4U50TTceX-p-fasBgXDT63HPjUr-0lHSjVANSZJ2GWav6Mry-QO9PgJ6gD2e9BXlxz-Uv31Wcn2y7hZ7HBqCaqKsbQ33PQmmlTKGAbax1M7st-NS4Q655odT9_CJquCtFHmVidTSqWgb=w495-h68" width="495" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>3. Longitudinal research</p><p>This research involves gathering baseline information but also data over time. Finally, the big ask is for the participants' brains to be donated for further study after death.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaTxB1LsO2UNDaBtltf3wpUir2YV1iB8T9UyhP9sruww-QyD7y2eAmgyhIpenBJVM4RsOMGMLkOR0GUtqVy3CvthAprGYULs_JrhV8YLPPdJbn36S5V6RdW6NyhY8UtzbY5_YdX64N0auruoD9_c9Xz0wAZ8_XbZL7HuLaGWcaV2oHyvdLmFl7dKo8yVzd" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="All participants will be asked to provide provisional consent to donate their brains after they pass away for detailed examination by a neuropathologist. The brain autopsy is free of charge and results will be shared with your family." data-original-height="67" data-original-width="675" height="49" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaTxB1LsO2UNDaBtltf3wpUir2YV1iB8T9UyhP9sruww-QyD7y2eAmgyhIpenBJVM4RsOMGMLkOR0GUtqVy3CvthAprGYULs_JrhV8YLPPdJbn36S5V6RdW6NyhY8UtzbY5_YdX64N0auruoD9_c9Xz0wAZ8_XbZL7HuLaGWcaV2oHyvdLmFl7dKo8yVzd=w490-h49" width="490" /></a></div><br />4. Goals of the research<p></p><p>And HERE is what they want to do, which you can use to talk to your students about consent, bigger sample size, study people with concussions who don't experience CTE, etc.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDaLwvUhTSz27-AwFSAIqy4VE2UtjZWmZYXh2T3WjeMJJ4gSodHhrxnHTeI7GanibLdmzi5R7KWnuXr70eqHsDiWaoAsAgduur465riD8Zra9ZkxrTnRbR12r0tvrJumDsEchjl14WnrTn8pzLO2Mo6m86GTTScsSFc1P4R6_j0thFWj6riwfQvxQZCl78" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Increase our knowledge of CTE by inviting former contact sport participants to participate in a long-term observational study. Collect information about symptoms directly from participants and their study partner at baseline and at annual follow-up. Learn more about the frequency of CTE by enrolling participants with and without clinical symptoms. Provide opportunities for interested participants to enroll into companion and follow-up studies. Obtain provisional consent for brain donation. Widely share de-identified data and tissue samples with the research community for further studies into risk and resilience factors and molecular mechanisms of CTE. Participate in collaborative studies with other neuropathologists to refine histopathologic features and diagnostic criteria of CTE and other neurodegenerative processes following traumatic brain injury." data-original-height="328" data-original-width="682" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDaLwvUhTSz27-AwFSAIqy4VE2UtjZWmZYXh2T3WjeMJJ4gSodHhrxnHTeI7GanibLdmzi5R7KWnuXr70eqHsDiWaoAsAgduur465riD8Zra9ZkxrTnRbR12r0tvrJumDsEchjl14WnrTn8pzLO2Mo6m86GTTScsSFc1P4R6_j0thFWj6riwfQvxQZCl78=w450-h217" width="450" /></a></div><br />5. Research happens at universities and is multidisciplinary.<p></p><div><br /></div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-448725786357603292023-06-05T17:35:00.001-04:002023-06-05T17:35:29.934-04:00"Why randomized controlled trials matter and the procedures that strengthen them" from Our World in Data<p>Looking to freshen up your readings for Research Methods? Or for a good, brief RM primer for a stats or psych class? <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/randomized-controlled-trials#what-are-randomized-controlled-trials">Check out Our World in Data's "Why randomized control trials matter and the procedures that strengthen them"</a>. Added bonus: Our World in Data dived into their data archives to illustrate each piece with their own research. I don't know about you, but my brain far prefers abstract concepts paired with concrete examples. </p><p><br /></p><p>Some of the classic include:</p><p>-Why we need RCT.</p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgppGU4ZbIif777m97758zUboVho0fghqF8v_Tr1Yi3ouvzD36gfFCOaDM3ef3Y_8w0hYaVNYboo-k-Mz8p9syNkrRtfB3eEWN0ucNDXtXf5wJWGn2Qn7oFuei0Wf_Ko2qwbbxzo6BbjgCz-FREG_5v-7lbRbO9JUibr8JYVh469x2CbkAebNqAYR61Jg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="671" data-original-width="1305" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgppGU4ZbIif777m97758zUboVho0fghqF8v_Tr1Yi3ouvzD36gfFCOaDM3ef3Y_8w0hYaVNYboo-k-Mz8p9syNkrRtfB3eEWN0ucNDXtXf5wJWGn2Qn7oFuei0Wf_Ko2qwbbxzo6BbjgCz-FREG_5v-7lbRbO9JUibr8JYVh469x2CbkAebNqAYR61Jg=w640-h330" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://ourworldindata.org/randomized-controlled-trials#what-are-randomized-controlled-trials</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></p><p>-Why causal inference is hard.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhnrqX5SxcZ6WFz01v6Nuh7GQGBSUekL_GevNaOcmp0Co4mGLDOg4qbsqVuLsi2QGU6hjerCX3C-30NQmxagK_xkLvA1M88Pyf0hQ5MXbZdbKateEGToOsACvgOEkDlS08CCOLNb-lTVLHkoWkpNnktNfOs-HbQQf93Urw8pT7T6AEPnN1f7nC6ZSzRrQ" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="731" data-original-width="1299" height="337" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhnrqX5SxcZ6WFz01v6Nuh7GQGBSUekL_GevNaOcmp0Co4mGLDOg4qbsqVuLsi2QGU6hjerCX3C-30NQmxagK_xkLvA1M88Pyf0hQ5MXbZdbKateEGToOsACvgOEkDlS08CCOLNb-lTVLHkoWkpNnktNfOs-HbQQf93Urw8pT7T6AEPnN1f7nC6ZSzRrQ=w598-h337" width="598" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://ourworldindata.org/randomized-controlled-trials#the-fundamental-problem-of-causal-inference</td></tr></tbody></table><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">-Why we need control groups.</div><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh17dCihxLsELR3Zoq1_Yb3AHRtgIxlJBaYKcH72zYlcDJkRXdYTaWnJBlk-ESUtB-9xy6rucAeMFrY5M7gM0Tsgg9Bn9RDCeG-ItzF39LndtlUgzfHWMsSxFIdSHX24mlwFmRjR6CIoenQobdu-MNkP-Ux6tANs_dIoIDid3QGEdyMItbWc8NveFPM0Q" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="For text, visit https://ourworldindata.org/randomized-controlled-trials#the-control-group-gives-us-a-comparison-to-see-what-would-have-happened-otherwise" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1299" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh17dCihxLsELR3Zoq1_Yb3AHRtgIxlJBaYKcH72zYlcDJkRXdYTaWnJBlk-ESUtB-9xy6rucAeMFrY5M7gM0Tsgg9Bn9RDCeG-ItzF39LndtlUgzfHWMsSxFIdSHX24mlwFmRjR6CIoenQobdu-MNkP-Ux6tANs_dIoIDid3QGEdyMItbWc8NveFPM0Q=w633-h350" width="633" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://ourworldindata.org/randomized-controlled-trials#the-control-group-gives-us-a-comparison-to-see-what-would-have-happened-otherwise<br /><br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-50797290883570704022023-05-25T13:14:00.001-04:002023-05-25T13:14:13.925-04:00A simple tool operationalizes post-childbirth hemorrhaging and saves lives.<p> https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/05/10/1175303067/a-plastic-sheet-with-a-pouch-could-be-a-game-changer-for-maternal-mortality</p><p>https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj.p1055</p><p>I love this study, in and of itself, because it is based on research that will save women's lives without spending a lot of money. I love it. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikj2ZYoaFZ8nM35KWeVRfd3RV2z7SUeMZ6iaN6kM8C3rWz9smvDbLPGEOGhV5dWFzXl7Jwvdrmy0bgrAHboE6hO_hXc8nyGSkZjyPvrJzx1vYxA2nNz6jAQ77LgSzxoVyijo5pHT3z-W3ZkAK05fYoJF_NQX7pCfIuC_6ntKc9oa99Zxu0WrChIbM1Ww" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Headline from the original research, reading, "Simple intervention for severe blood loss after childbirth is found to save lives."" data-original-height="419" data-original-width="774" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikj2ZYoaFZ8nM35KWeVRfd3RV2z7SUeMZ6iaN6kM8C3rWz9smvDbLPGEOGhV5dWFzXl7Jwvdrmy0bgrAHboE6hO_hXc8nyGSkZjyPvrJzx1vYxA2nNz6jAQ77LgSzxoVyijo5pHT3z-W3ZkAK05fYoJF_NQX7pCfIuC_6ntKc9oa99Zxu0WrChIbM1Ww=w413-h223" width="413" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p>Here is a <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj.p1055">link to the original study</a>. I learned about it from an <a href=" https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/05/10/1175303067/a-plastic-sheet-with-a-pouch-could-be-a-game-changer-for-maternal-mortality">NPR story about the research by Rhitu Chaterjee</a>.</p><p>I also love it because it is an accessible example of a bunch of statistics things: Dependent variables...operationalizing variables...why cross-cultural research and solutions aren't just lip service to diversity...how control groups in medical research are very different than control groups in psychology research...absolute vs. relative risk.</p><p><b>-Dependent variables/operationalized variables:</b> This study clearly illustrates the power of measurement and operationalization. The researchers wanted to create a way to better assess post-childbirth hemorrhaging. Medical professionals created a plastic drape to correctly measure blood loss after pregnancy. The blood loss pools in a plastic pouch, which is far easier to measure than an estimate of blood lost based on blood on the floor, gurney, etc. </p><p><br /></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgXdh4aNGq04brjGtgFT2EcJvtdKPFUsUH6Htlz9cEqJdCscotgExyYxsvoFexiIIGfJ-ujiMPzmhxpy3K5ZGVMOK83jtxb_Jeacp-HMVdQlm13HN6I_3pcIdExItTO8qSBpgWSW_Xxxh-qb2Jk9oYVANKgPHl7EKIRjj-CSugFUcNAatXZOYFk9dgTg/s950/drape%20image%20of%20drape.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="950" data-original-width="713" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgXdh4aNGq04brjGtgFT2EcJvtdKPFUsUH6Htlz9cEqJdCscotgExyYxsvoFexiIIGfJ-ujiMPzmhxpy3K5ZGVMOK83jtxb_Jeacp-HMVdQlm13HN6I_3pcIdExItTO8qSBpgWSW_Xxxh-qb2Jk9oYVANKgPHl7EKIRjj-CSugFUcNAatXZOYFk9dgTg/s320/drape%20image%20of%20drape.png" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Photograph-of-the-calibrated-blood-collection-drape_fig1_281634929</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">-<b>Cross-cultural research is essential.</b> An intervention that works in one part of the world may or may not work in other parts of the world. Innovations can come from parts of the world that may be under-represented in medical journals. Previous research about the drape has occurred in </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4971452/" style="text-align: left;">Thailand</a><span style="text-align: left;"> and </span><a href="https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2393-14-276" style="text-align: left;">India</a><span style="text-align: left;">. </span></div><p>-<b>Control group =/= The Nothing Happens Group</b>. In psychology research, the control group usually means nothing is happening. Placebo. However, that is different from what a control group is in medical research. As in many medical research studies, the control group received standard care plus the experimental condition.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsx2gJC79e7kWxs4JEsoKv_xbSEhrA2jb1bGp-Se7sOBKD4RW-kEWT2HXRSZbqJsh7A0jz869M9HU4iAOcqKCk277yMR6sHiDnkPDPmtmwIq93WTxJGXvPDhMR4i7cZgCfUZ3hMFr7f_e4WeXjfEyo4q4l_9jv4G2-68hmbOrOZhkEpOu0XUAGGsF4uw" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="For the study, the researchers trained hospital providers in the intervention group to treat women with a set of treatments recommended by the World Health Organization. The treatments include massaging the uterus to help it contract, which would stop the bleeding, and administering the drug Oxytocin, which also helps the uterus contract, and the drug Tranexamic acid, which promotes clotting. Other treatments include IV fluids, which replace lost fluids from bleeding, and a physical exam to check for sources of bleeding. WHO recommends bundling these treatments, "which means that all the effective treatments need to be given at once in somebody who was bleeding," explains Coomarasamy. "So there isn't any time lost." The providers in the control group of hospitals provided care as usual, which normally involves using one of the treatments at a time, then trying another ... and another." data-original-height="555" data-original-width="746" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsx2gJC79e7kWxs4JEsoKv_xbSEhrA2jb1bGp-Se7sOBKD4RW-kEWT2HXRSZbqJsh7A0jz869M9HU4iAOcqKCk277yMR6sHiDnkPDPmtmwIq93WTxJGXvPDhMR4i7cZgCfUZ3hMFr7f_e4WeXjfEyo4q4l_9jv4G2-68hmbOrOZhkEpOu0XUAGGsF4uw=w429-h319" width="429" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A description of the control group used in this study.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Absolute vs. Relative Risk:</b> I believe absolute vs. relative risk is the most critical probability lesson we can teach in introduction to psychology. This is an excellent example of this.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">An example of absolute v. relative risk that isn't shady. This first paragraph describes the findings in terms of relative risk.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgGBkz2MRMJU0jBHoBMnvXB63M_89xs05r_3kyL0jJXFURZ5Xg7UXa_8pAmrY9pu3HdCVxTcrzxL_cDDV5ggUyaQYD9Bu1DLnVYknWew_VvpXJZpq6B0Nj2X90TZSwGWZ-qWQy4KgzM0KoB-OV40F6RruTdTw6w3CCWfQZ1lCfdUPczNuXtQ26nFle3Iw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A more precise measurement of blood loss with a 'drape' The study, carried out in 80 hospitals across four African countries, used a simple device called a "drape" to collect and measure the amount of blood from women who have just given birth. The device, combined with a bundle of treatment options recommended by the World Health Organization, reduced the number of women experiencing severe bleeding by 60%. The study also found a reduction in maternal deaths from bleeding." data-original-height="209" data-original-width="708" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgGBkz2MRMJU0jBHoBMnvXB63M_89xs05r_3kyL0jJXFURZ5Xg7UXa_8pAmrY9pu3HdCVxTcrzxL_cDDV5ggUyaQYD9Bu1DLnVYknWew_VvpXJZpq6B0Nj2X90TZSwGWZ-qWQy4KgzM0KoB-OV40F6RruTdTw6w3CCWfQZ1lCfdUPczNuXtQ26nFle3Iw=w480-h141" title="Relative Risk" width="480" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The same summary also describes the findings in absolute risk.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgPTATVogm1bqb99jdlOTqbR4L4WWehlosR3Eqk9TtlDRsvQxtjbKa6DAmNsAveo_mY5DS3pYO3sKb-b_GOolJplYYrNOQA3iqGxx7hH2F3Ro2I2UTNaZE0hWyFsWgwaLIgWbiN13dp-IDKkq_fSruUZWjtQ-XvkrBdu8QisVAOK149C7s8FTXNSjGdg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="133" data-original-width="712" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhgPTATVogm1bqb99jdlOTqbR4L4WWehlosR3Eqk9TtlDRsvQxtjbKa6DAmNsAveo_mY5DS3pYO3sKb-b_GOolJplYYrNOQA3iqGxx7hH2F3Ro2I2UTNaZE0hWyFsWgwaLIgWbiN13dp-IDKkq_fSruUZWjtQ-XvkrBdu8QisVAOK149C7s8FTXNSjGdg=w491-h92" width="491" /></a></div><br /><p>Also, the interview with the author touches on how research can 1) help explain some but not all of the variance explained, 2) ecological validity, and 3) how real-life interventions are evaluated not just by efficacy/data but by cost and ease of implementation. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIux-Ih_NEJ0NPrKe1hOY-9RSdzxXe3FK-DP2V9Ncw2Mg2pCKiuNedvHgHAEpM9pZhJgNRGidaoruVGFA70bHl9Mh7bxxptH5IRgfbLmRL-7P8J0Uk4sIbZoZ2LHQPWlB-IPnRGkizEvWWQxxTf7BjdNLt_LgCMyJkBZfsfXatjVJZ02RGAfHxT6Q9xA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="722" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIux-Ih_NEJ0NPrKe1hOY-9RSdzxXe3FK-DP2V9Ncw2Mg2pCKiuNedvHgHAEpM9pZhJgNRGidaoruVGFA70bHl9Mh7bxxptH5IRgfbLmRL-7P8J0Uk4sIbZoZ2LHQPWlB-IPnRGkizEvWWQxxTf7BjdNLt_LgCMyJkBZfsfXatjVJZ02RGAfHxT6Q9xA=w412-h211" width="412" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-36469159957518851732023-05-08T20:18:00.002-04:002023-05-09T17:56:11.823-04:00CDC Mental Health Data<p>It shouldn't come as a shock that the CDC shares data on rates of public health issues in the US. </p><p><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/mental-health.htm">However, you may be unaware of the available data and interactive visualizations provided by the CDC and the different ways you can use them in class</a>.</p><p>1. Teach your students a lesson about good sources for mental health data.</p><p>2. Show your students how data visualizations can help present and simplify complex data.</p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLA8wBJ5HarlYUHiVRy3dLfMMGAtXPMzjXYIhq9D8pjAlvAsvmB5CKi1Y9w5j6XiBzZBTVceydzzFfRWGFbOyPBfCobx6wKUL3ie97PkEG2RAZOTLbGkVgxcnUkWccR2TgHKuuLaEUT1aYluw_UTI5GYOmswzaXinNtk35Z6zA-5qIekBlgQGeTb04kg/s1238/fed%20depression%20anxiety%20data%20map.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="An image of an interactive feature, in which depression and anxiety data can be visualized by state." border="0" data-original-height="703" data-original-width="1238" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLA8wBJ5HarlYUHiVRy3dLfMMGAtXPMzjXYIhq9D8pjAlvAsvmB5CKi1Y9w5j6XiBzZBTVceydzzFfRWGFbOyPBfCobx6wKUL3ie97PkEG2RAZOTLbGkVgxcnUkWccR2TgHKuuLaEUT1aYluw_UTI5GYOmswzaXinNtk35Z6zA-5qIekBlgQGeTb04kg/w630-h359/fed%20depression%20anxiety%20data%20map.png" width="630" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/mental-health.htm</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>3. Get into the research methods. Everyone has heard of the census, but fewer have heard of the Household Pulse Survey (https://www.census.gov/data/experimental-data-products/household-pulse-survey.html). The US Census collects much information between the 10-year census, including mental health data.<div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHSx20NQsl0XCIp6VoCnNUxSPMwSQDx0FHjOoRHNvQm9aS-QJ8YpG54D6VbYzJz2DpD3qvncnXyw_qOpsx_7AEMUs3MSrC1Xj4f3FVOhfrbI1mPc2uNHuDuATnywgatCHlnIhdykEAADCpbM74NJN9TSjBsJK_h7fd7_W6XHml4j08d3DE5umFV8h-Xg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="638" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHSx20NQsl0XCIp6VoCnNUxSPMwSQDx0FHjOoRHNvQm9aS-QJ8YpG54D6VbYzJz2DpD3qvncnXyw_qOpsx_7AEMUs3MSrC1Xj4f3FVOhfrbI1mPc2uNHuDuATnywgatCHlnIhdykEAADCpbM74NJN9TSjBsJK_h7fd7_W6XHml4j08d3DE5umFV8h-Xg=w389-h360" width="389" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.census.gov/data/experimental-data-products/household-pulse-survey.html</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><p>4. Talk about how the government assesses depression and anxiety. For example, you can show how the basic methodology uses a valid, reliable measure of mental health.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGA6scQJKRIBMXgHGJlX5ClkBeoI-o9Gt2t5pJaK53JXtDV1eyJNKdrCr0a2j2V34AJhzCoD8NrVmLKhO3kNA_3A-Z0J8PakqEpukRHWZ0d4gmiXZi7Gou7Tv4YjC7ImW3wtR9okW06-OY4WEjfLQ2weOJ4RgU80y1NDDKHn_wUdSN7y0TId6RfOovSw/s1371/fed%20depression%20anxiety%20data%20methods.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="564" data-original-width="1371" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGA6scQJKRIBMXgHGJlX5ClkBeoI-o9Gt2t5pJaK53JXtDV1eyJNKdrCr0a2j2V34AJhzCoD8NrVmLKhO3kNA_3A-Z0J8PakqEpukRHWZ0d4gmiXZi7Gou7Tv4YjC7ImW3wtR9okW06-OY4WEjfLQ2weOJ4RgU80y1NDDKHn_wUdSN7y0TId6RfOovSw/w591-h244/fed%20depression%20anxiety%20data%20methods.png" width="591" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/mental-health.htm</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>5. You can also download the data, divided by demographic, <a href="https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Indicators-of-Anxiety-or-Depression-Based-on-Repor/8pt5-q6wp">here</a>.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHunu_lb4Dj6PsvGYsjTvjecHqh_v3USUZgBVLlJh9s3boOdebUVw5esAI8LctxqYljqPYALoOMr7HjrhBX28rQ5QqbbkAiMkOmlzswd-YHWALmv2oCIAC2ya0Ub4kijWggXs75iN3MJOgLk3XLFV08oim2xxL40UKqLHZmEEuffN4EeXXdxTS94CY7A/s1056/fed%20depression%20anxiety%20data%20source.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="A screen shot of the website that contains the download link for the depression/anxiety data." border="0" data-original-height="309" data-original-width="1056" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHunu_lb4Dj6PsvGYsjTvjecHqh_v3USUZgBVLlJh9s3boOdebUVw5esAI8LctxqYljqPYALoOMr7HjrhBX28rQ5QqbbkAiMkOmlzswd-YHWALmv2oCIAC2ya0Ub4kijWggXs75iN3MJOgLk3XLFV08oim2xxL40UKqLHZmEEuffN4EeXXdxTS94CY7A/w466-h137/fed%20depression%20anxiety%20data%20source.png" width="466" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Even sad, anxious data makes me happy.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>It is a crap ton of data. You can sort it by state, age bracket, nationality, and sexual orientation...like, there are 12970 rows of data (which, btw, JASP could handle). Each row doesn't even represent a participant. Instead, it represents a different group and subgroup of data.</p><p>Phew.</p><p>I would use this data to show students how to sort through enormous data sets.</p><p><br /></p></div>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5130931615000983013.post-23570456044838493592023-04-30T20:24:00.006-04:002023-12-06T07:35:35.546-05:00MCU regression, revisited<p>I think it is important to emphasize how regression can be used to make future predictions using trends in existing data.</p><p>Most psychology books use psychology examples to illustrate this, which makes sense. Still, I think explaining how regression is widely used in business to make financial decisions, and predictions is important.</p><p>But that can be boring. <a href="https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/which-is-the-best-performing-marvel-movie/">But I found one example that uses the Marvel Comic Universe to do this.</a> I already<a href="https://notawfulandboring.blogspot.com/2023/02/multiverse-multiple-correlation-and.html"> blogged about this</a>, but I'm sharing exactly how I used this in class presently. ASIDE: This data is being regularly updated!</p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/15SGpuhBqZNAPnKfHP7d8hRMmZVcn6Vvk?usp=sharing"></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwxfcD0MxmIHCvgn2bpuQVNBYU2ykUdYn8srq2QdxxtKFu21GRRbo-ffXvPlDKXVgmnN5E36lNhC3KeXD1WrImQaSQx-jwlIvmPqkGUL_6VFZLmLrNTNp-cG_danHT0XANvwrvb8YVxgO6gB1gHFYSWP7ftTbve_90WWizuSV5xIRPECwBuQhH9h1QRj30" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="974" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwxfcD0MxmIHCvgn2bpuQVNBYU2ykUdYn8srq2QdxxtKFu21GRRbo-ffXvPlDKXVgmnN5E36lNhC3KeXD1WrImQaSQx-jwlIvmPqkGUL_6VFZLmLrNTNp-cG_danHT0XANvwrvb8YVxgO6gB1gHFYSWP7ftTbve_90WWizuSV5xIRPECwBuQhH9h1QRj30" width="320" /></a></div>Here is a Google Drive folder with 1)<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DZea54hkrCLX2hypQeYMJvMXR3ylUWE_/view?usp=sharing"> my version of the data</a> (CSV and I turned all the percentages to decimal points for JASP) and 2) <a href="https://knightsgannon-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/hartnett004_gannon_edu/EbmkiW4YI2tKo24TjoJGp2UB22gzD7uiHUpQ7wp6jIs2Mw?e=YVqJa3">my PPT</a>. Which includes photos of the scientists of the MCU.<p></p><p>ALSO: While your students are doing their exercise, totes play the soundtrack from Guardians of the Galaxy. Do it. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /><br /></p>Jessica Hartnetthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04011803294633765536noreply@blogger.com0